Latin American Dictators Introduction Latin America has traditionally been home to dictators: charismatic men who have seized almost complete control over their nations and held it for years, even decades. Augusto Pinochet (Chile) One of the most well-known dictators of Latin America, Augusto Pinochet directed the 1973 coup d'état against Salvador Allende. The Cuban Revolution brought him a lot of support from the nation, but by 1959, he had lost it. The Latin American dictators John Ray In the late 20th century, it was a common rhetorical ploy of the more "revolutionary" Left in the "Western" world simply to ignore democracy as an alternative to Communism. While on a trip to Chile in 2005, he was arrested and indicted for his crimes.Â. Despite going into exile, the Somoza family was one of the richest in Latin America at the time.Â, Manuel Antonio Noriega seized power in 1983 under the directions of the United States CIA. The regime came to an end in 1985 with democratic elections.Â. Latin America today Most South American countries' governments were overthrown by the military. Instead they Thank you for subscribing to our Newsletter. This very brief diary is a short reading list of Latin American novels (translated into English) that focus on dictators. The theme of caudillismo —the régime of a charismatic caudillo, a political strongman—is addressed by examining the relationships between power, dictatorship, and writing. This “dictator” was limited in their powers to only the task at hand—the fulfilment of the task meant the retraction of these executive powers.Â, The definition of a dictator has evolved since the times of Julius Caesar. In 1956, lawyer Fidel Castro came back to Cuba to depose Fulgencio Batista. President William McKinley, in the 1890s, said that it was the US’s duty to establish colonies and help oppressed people. Alvarado’s regime was extremely brutal and economically debilitating. In 1974, he was removed and replaced by a military junta, with democracy being restored in 1979.Â. In 1989, Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti, his right-hand man, overthrew Stroessner. This book covers 15 dictators representing every decade of the Latin American History From Columbus to Frida Kahlo, learn about the conquistadors, artists, revolutionaries, and everyday people who shaped the vast region known as Latin America. Fulgencio Batista was a democratically elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, during which time his government supported the Allies in World War II. Start studying Latin America Dictators. Now, a dictatorship involves the establishment of a regime that recalls democratic rights and freedoms, and the concentration of power within the hands of a few instead of a larger government. Called the National Reorganization Process, the authoritarian system solidly established Lieutenant General Jorge Rafael Videla as the nation’s dictator from 1976 until 1981. There’s no way to sort this out, because every part of the political spectrum seems to have a pet dictator. Following his election in 1971, Juan María Bordaberry, supported by the military, established a dictatorship. Banzer’s overthrowing of the leftist Torres brought him American support with his anti-communist agenda. He was overthrown by Fidel Castro and his band of exiled guerrillas in the late 1950s.Â. Guatemala suffered his brutal regime until 1957 when he was assassinated by a personal guard, after which the country was thrown into decades of political turmoil. In the 1880s and 1900s… In the newly independent Latin American nations Were still ruled by the creoles Most people were dirt poor And sometimes… The rich and the poor lived side by side… Alberto Fujimori, a Peruvian Japanese, came into power through the 1990 elections. Rafael Leónidas Trujillo deposed President Horacio Vázquez and seized power in 1930, remaining in office until 1961. On losing military support, he went into exile and died in 2001 in Spain.Â, Rafael Leónidas Trujillo (Dominican Republic), Key dictators from 20th century Latin America, Whatsapp: how to tell if your mobile has spyware installed on it, The most terrifying spiders on the planet, Human Evolution: A Guide to Understanding Hominids, Steve Jobs Biography: The Magic of a Visionary. Global Banks and Latin American Dictators, 1974–1982 - Carlo Edoardo Altamura Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The Sandinista Revolution eventually ended Somoza and his sons’ rule in 1979. And with American support, many overturned their democratically elected leaders and turned to military dictatorships. He maintained control until 2000, but the convenient disappearances and murders of opposition members led to his resignation through a fax sent from Japan. In Argentina, military forces overthrew the democratically elected President Isabel Perón in the 1976 Argentine coup d'état, starting the military dictatorship of General Jorge Rafael Videla, known as the National Reorganization Process, resulting in around 30,000 forced disappearances. A military coup backed by the United States CIA from fear of a leftist revolution in response to Trujillo’s regime led to his assassination in 1961. The extreme economic crisis and violation of human rights during this period was the inspiration for Mario Benedetti’s play Pedro y el Capitán. Facing failure in the 1952 elections, Batista established a dictatorship with the help of the army. Noriega died in 2011 from a brain tumour.Â, Alfredo Stroessner’s anti-communist government replaced that of President Federico Chavez in 1954 and was aligned with American interests. Panama went through a period of corruption, violence, and economic crisis, even as Noriega’s connections with the Medellín Cartel meant he was heavily into the trafficking of drugs and arms. Beginning in the mid-1980's democratic civilian governments Latin American Dictators of the 20th Century: The Lives and Regimes of 15 Rulers EBL ebooks online Author Javier A. Galván Edition illustrated Publisher McFarland, 2013 ISBN 1476600163, 9781476600161 Length 217 pages DICTATORSHIP IN LATIN AMERICA. Carlos Castillo Armas came into power following the United States CIA-backed 1954 uprising that took down Jacobo Árbenz’s democratic government. His brutal regime involved disappearances and murders, including the Caravan of Death, a death squad that killed people detained in military garrisons. Dictator in brazil from 1967–1969 The end of his reign in 1976 was followed by a changing cast of characters in a dictatorship that lasted till 1984.Â, Following the deposing of Rómulo Gallegos in 1948 by a military junta, Marcos Pérez Jiménez became a dictator. PERU has recently been celebrating, with appropriate solemnity, the hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho, which in 1824 decided the political independence of South America. Ancient Romans gave executive powers with the goal of completing an extraordinary task to a chief magistrate. After a long and rocky political period, Banzer was democratically elected to the position of president, which he maintained until 2001, when he resigned because of ill health arising from cancer.Â, Joao Baptista Figueiredo was the last dictator of the authoritarian Brazilian military government, known as the Fifth Brazilian Republic. Throughout the 20th century, the emergence of authoritarian dictatorships in Latin America coincided with periods of social convulsion and economic uncertainty. The modern usage of the term 'dictator' developed largely in response to instances of autocratic rule in republics , so traditional monarchs are not usually described as dictators in historical commentary. Under his leadership, the nation had to deal with an economic crisis, multiple uprisings and threats to his seat of power, leading to the government being one of the bloodiest in Central America.Â, In 1937, Anastasio Somoza, who was responsible for the revolutionary Augusto César Sandino’s death, began a military dictatorship. It is a somewhat common refrain in Latin America that countries need the mano dura (strong hand) of a military dictatorship in order to get things done. They code the administrations of 20 Latin American countries from 1900 to 2010 based on a trichotomous classification as either democratic, semi-democratic or authoritarian. He came to establish an authoritarian regime aligned with the values of the Soviet Union. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses.Â, In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the region—often with multiple dictators following different political ideologies. Dictator in nicaragua 1979-1990 2016- 2016 (present) Buenaventura Baez. The United States saw influential socialist leaders emerge in this South American nation. During the 1976 Argentine coup d'état, then President of Argentina, Isabel Perón was overthrown by several senior army leaders who installed a military junta instead. His initial popularity gave way to a brutal repression of the public. Some have The United States has aligned itself with some pretty brutal dictators over the course of its history. In 1968, Juan Velasco Alvarado led the toppling of president Fernando Belaúnde Terry’s government. Here are five of the worst. While periodically leading a puppet regime, his time in power was rife with harsh repression against dissenters. During the 1960s, revolutionary movements spread through Latin America. François Duvalier, known as “Papa Doc,” was elected into office in 1957. Latin American Leaders Open The Doors For Armed Forces To Reenter Politics For decades, many Latin American countries had military dictators. Representatives of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia--the republics founded by Bolivar the Liberator--hastened to Lima to affirm their faith in the future of these democratic peoples; and yet … Source for information on Dictatorship in Dictator in Dominican Republic from 1849-1878 Artur Da Costa E Silva. Latin American dictatorships—and after The challenge of the past The Americas Oct 24th 1998 edition Oct 22nd 1998 SAO PAULO Banzer, as he … Well, on November 25, 1975, Pinochet had likely one of the strangest parties in history when he invited the butchers in charge of Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, and Uruguay to visit Santiago. But let’s break down things: 1. After another win at the elections in 1933, he paved the way for his stay in governance until 1948. Over three decades, his government came to repress constitutional rights and freedoms, as well as any opponents as he enacted the Condor Plan. After his death in 1971, his son took over the dictatorship, remaining in power till 1986.Â, Despite winning the elections in 1923, Tiburcio Carías Andino, a lawyer, professor and member of the military was unable to take his place because of a coup. This gallery lists some of the chief dictators of Latin American during this period of authoritarianism which brought crime, corruption, and terror to the people in these nations. While he helped improve the nation’s infrastructure, his support of violence, repression of the public and their liberties, led to his removal in 1957. The latter was never indicted for his crimes and lived in exile in Brazil until his death in 2006.Â. Latin American Dictators Timeline created by angela.hdze In History Feb 1, 1936 HONDURAS Tiburicio Carías Andino banned oposition, violating the human right to chose. Pinochet remained in power until 1988 when he was demoted to senator. In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. He reigned until 1958 by terrorizing the people of Venezuela with the help of the National Security. (Stanford users can avoid this Captcha by logging in.). Sign up to receive the Mega Interesting Newsletter. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. With support from military and political leaders, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla overthrew conservative Laureano Gómez and the Colombian government in a coup in 1953. The Latin American region is at a crossroads, with a choice not between the political left or the right; between socialism or capitalism, it is in fact between democracy and dictatorship, between freedom and oppression, the President of Bolivia told world leaders, gathered virtually for the United Nations General Assembly. Looking to gain advantage of the economic upswing due to the nation’s exports, the government was supposed to be nationalist. His governance included acts of state terrorism and the use of the Haitian’s fear of voodoo to keep the public in check. Soon after his forced eviction as a leader, Argentina became a democracy again in 1983. Â, A series of coups led to the switching of power from dictator Alfredo Ovando Candía to Juan José Torres and finally to Hugo Banzer in 1971. With the United States’ interests in mind, his armed National Guard terrorized the country. Deposed by a military coup in 1975, he came back to the office through free elections in 1980. The period from 1964 - 1990 a dark chapter in Latin American history. As of today, there are 50 dictatorships in the world (19 in Sub-Saharan Africa, 12 in the Middle East and North Africa, 8 in Asia-Pacific, 7 in Eurasia, 3 in Americas and 1 in Europe). Under these repressive regimes, citizens enjoyed few if any civil liberties. Lara’s rule led to a suspension of fundamental rights for around four years. In 1992, he dissolved Congress and with military support seized all powers. In 1964, he made himself president for life. He was indicted for various crimes in 2002, but died in 2006 before any conviction. In … Backed by the United States, Brazilian military rule suppressed the people, snatched their liberties, and broke down their opposition. The latter had seized power in 1964 when democratically elected president João Belchior Marques Goulart was removed since his policies were considered to be closely aligned with those of Soviet Russia. Latin American leaders, on alert after Manuel Zelaya was ousted from the presidency of Honduras in his pajamas last summer, rushed to the Andean leader's defense. The US became even more involved in 1905, when President Theodore Roosevelt decided that the US had the right to police Latin American countries, not just prevent outside intruders. View Homework Help - Latin American Dictators from FL 204 at University of North Alabama. During the Cold War, the United States government and the CIA guided several uprisings in Latin American nations to prevent the establishment of socialist policies and propped up puppet regimes, with little thought to the lives lost in the process.Â. For example, the urban revolutionary guerrilla group known as the In 2006, he handed over power to his brother Raúl Castro and died ten years later. © Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10151215, catalog, articles, website, & more in one search, books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections, Latin American dictators of the 20th century : the lives and regimes of 15 rulers, Manuel Estrada Cabrera, Guatemala (1898-1920), Getúlio Dornelles Vargas, Brazil (1930-1945) and (1951-1954), Rafael Trujillo, Dominican Republic (1930-1961), Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Venezuela (1952-1958), Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, Colombia (1953-1957), Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda, Paraguay (1954-1989), The Somoza dynasty, Nicaragua (1936-1979), Hugo Banzer Suárez, Bolivia (1971-1978) and (1997-2001), Juan María Bordaberry Arocena, Uruguay (1972-1976), Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, Chile (1973-1990), Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentina (1976-1981).
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