A new Danish naval Museum website listing for ships is available here linking to a page of ships' names for which there is data. [4], On 21 January 1807, Lord Hawkesbury told the House of Lords that he had received information from someone on the Continent "that there were secret engagements in the Treaty of Tilsit to employ the navies of Denmark and Portugal against this country". There were several reasons for the animosity between the countries. "George Canning". Purnell Books Services.Â, "Københavns Bombardement" (in da). Omissions? However, the war continued until 1814, when the Treaty of Kiel was signed. LAHDE(1807) p025 Plan von Kopenhagen.jpg 2,943 × 2,589; 4.28 MB. Battle of Copenhagen - Background: In late 1800 and early 1801, diplomatic negotiations produced the League of Armed Neutrality. Chatham. ISBNÂ, Hinde, Wendy (1973). The Danish forces in the city amounted to 5,000 regular troops and a similar number of militias. [23]The Times said that the confiscation of the Danish fleet was "a bare act of self-preservation" and noticed the short distance between Denmark and Ireland or north-east Scotland. William Leigh: "Did I not tell you we would save Plumstead from bombardment?" Toggle navigation. Led by Russia, the League also included Denmark, Sweden, and Prussia all of which called for the ability to trade freely with France. OpenLink Faceted Browser; OpenLink Structured Data Editor [11]Comus was much faster than Defence in the light winds and so outdistanced her. Although ostensibly neutral, Denmark was under heavy French and Russian pressure to pledge its fleet to Napoleon. Lord Howick said the speech was "eloquent and powerful" but that it was an "audacious misrepresentation" and "positive falsehood" of the correspondence between himself and Benjamin Garlike. Just before the Battle of Copenhagen, on 24 th March 1801, the Tsar of Russia, Paul I, was murdered by members of the St Petersburg court, and replaced by his anti-French son, Alexander I. George Canning's predecessor as Foreign Secretary, Lord Howick, had tried unsuccessfully to persuade Denmark into a secret alliance with Britain and Sweden. p. 27. The incident led to the outbrea "Hansard". These articles have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected. [5] He refused to publish the source because he said it would endanger their lives. The following ships sailed with Gambier from England on 26 July 1807: The following vessels joined on 5 August off Helsingør: The following further vessels joined on 7 August off Helsingør: The following vessels joined on 8 August or later: Lieutenant-General Lord Cathcart arrived in the HMS Africaine on 12 August to take command of the ground forces. "Hospitalsberedskab og lægelig behandling under belejringen i 1807".Â, Vibæk, Jens (1964). [25], The opposition did not at first table a vote of censure on the battle and instead, on 3 February 1808, demanded the publication of all the letters sent by the British envoy in Denmark on information regarding the war-readiness of the Danish navy. The Battle of Copenhagen of 1801 (Danish: Slaget på Reden), also known as the First Battle of Copenhagen to distinguish it from the Second Battle of Copenhagen in 1807, was a naval battle in which a British fleet fought and defeated a smaller force of the Dano-Norwegian Navy anchored near Copenhagen on 2 April 1801. How Britain bombarded Copenhagen and seized the Danish Fleet in 1807". Under such circumstances it would be madness, it would be idiotic... to wait for an overt act". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. columns 1–32.Â, Ramshart, Rear Admiral P. (1808). After fighting had ended, the Danish flagship Dannebrog exploded at 4:30 pm, killing 250 men. British troops under Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) landed near Copenhagen and surrounded the city. A. N. Ryan, "The Causes of the British Attack upon Copenhagen in 1807. Canning and Castlereagh wished to hold Zealand and suggested that when the British evacuated it as part of the peace they should immediately occupy it again. Peymann had been under orders from the Crown Prince to burn the Danish fleet,[22] which he failed to do, though the reason for his failure is unknown. It was defeated by 224 votes to 64 after Canning made a speech "very witty, very eloquent and very able". The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in 1801 and 1807, in one case carrying off the Danish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. It is funny to read this in the article,written probably by british. Soon much of the city was in flames, and the Danes, suffering heavy civilian casualties, were forced to surrender on September 7. [lower-alpha 1] Due to the civilian evacuation, the normal firefighting arrangements were ineffective; over a thousand buildings were burned.[21]. [9] Neither Talleyrand nor Jackson persuaded the Danes to end their neutrality, so Jackson went back to the British fleet assembled in the Sound on 15 August. In addition to the military casualties, the British bombardment of Copenhagen killed some 195 civilians and injured 768. This was strongly opposed by Sir Arthur Wellesley, however, and it did not happen. [6], The reports of French diplomats and merchants in northern Europe made the British government uneasy, and by mid-July the British believed that the French intended to invade Holstein in order to use Denmark against Britain. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [lower-alpha 3]. The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 5 September 1807) was from a British point of view a preemptive attack on Copenhagen, targeting the civilian population in order to yet again seize the Dano-Norwegian fleet. Britain prepared a large expedition—29,000 troops and more than 400 warships and transports—and remarkably managed to keeps its destination secret. 1st King's German Legion Regiment of Hussars, 2nd King's German Legion Regiment of Hussars, 3rd King's German Legion Regiment of Hussars, 2nd Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Artillery, 7th Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Artillery, 6th Company, 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery, 8th Company, 3rd Battalion, Royal Artillery, 9th Company, 3rd Battalion, Royal Artillery, 4th Brigade: Brigadier General Macfarlane, 1st Battalion, 95th Regiment of Foot (Rifles), 2nd Battalion, 95th Regiment of Foot (Rifles), The Norwegians or Danes recovered and returned to naval service six gunboats (, In this list, ships' names and number of cannon are as recorded in the individual ship's record cards by the Danish Naval Museum. There was concern in Britain that Napoleon might try to force Denmark to close the Baltic Sea to British ships, perhaps by marching French troops into Zealand. For the later naval battle, see Battle of Copenhagen (1807). There were a few minor clashes at sea but no further land battles. Faceted Browser ; Sparql Endpoint ; Browse using . Thomas Grenville wrote to his brother Lord Grenville that he could not help feeling "that in their [the government's] situation we should very probably have given the same order without being able to publish to Parliament the grounds on which we had believed in the hostile mind of Denmark". Most of the civilian inhabitants of Copenhagen were evacuated in the few days before Copenhagen was completely invested. Thus, on 7 September 1807 Peymann surrendered the fleet (eighteen ships of the line, eleven frigates, two smaller ships, two ship-sloops, seven brig-sloops, two brigs, one schooner and twenty-six gunboats). On 21 October 1807, the British fleet left Copenhagen for the United Kingdom. Battle of Copenhagen ... Media in category "Bombardment of Copenhagen 1807" The following 25 files are in this category, out of 25 total. Sutton Publishing.Â, UK Parliament (1808). Battle of Copenhagen (1289), between Eric VI of Denmark and Eric II of Norway Bombardment of Copenhagen (1428), by ships from six Northern German Hanseatic towns Battle of Copenhagen (1801), a naval battle between a British fleet and the Dano-Norwegian Navy Battle of Copenhagen (1807), a British bombardment of Copenhagen to capture or … The attack gave rise to the term to Copenhagenize. Nicholas Pocock - The Battle of Copenhagen, 2 April 1801 The most famous act of insubordination in the annals of the Royal Navy occurred when Vice-Admiral Lord Nelson, second-in-command of the British fleet at Copenhagen in the 74-gun battleship Elephant, put his spyglass to his blind eye and said to Elephant’s captain, the future Admiral Sir Thomas Foley, ‘I really do not see the signal.’ "Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Poem, at the Fight at Finnsburg". LAHDE(1807) p027 Plan der Umgebung von Kopenhagen.jpg 3,149 × 2,006; 3.07 MB. Spencer Perceval, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, wrote a memorandum setting out the government's case for sending forces to Copenhagen: "The intelligence from so many and such various sources" that Napoleon's intent was to force Denmark into war against Britain could not be doubted. On 15 August, Comus caught Friderichsværn off Marstrand and captured her. Some reports suggested that the Danes had secretly agreed to this. Canning offered Denmark a treaty of alliance and mutual defence, with a convention signed for the return of the fleet after the war, the protection of 21 British warships and a subsidy for how many soldiers Denmark kept standing. The British left with over sixty Danish ships and quantities of naval supplies. [19], The bombardment included 300 Congreve Rockets, which caused fires. Greenhill Books.Â, Munch-Petersen, Thomas (2007). The Battle of Copenhagen of 1801 (Danish: Slaget på Reden), also known as the First Battle of Copenhagen to distinguish it from the Second Battle of Copenhagen in 1807, was a naval battle in which a British fleet fought and defeated a smaller force of the Dano-Norwegian Navy anchored near Copenhagen on 2 April 1801. Questions or concerns? "British Warships in the Age of Sail, 1793–1817". Although these articles may currently differ in style from others on the site, they allow us to provide wider coverage of topics sought by our readers, through a diverse range of trusted voices. "Politiken Dansmarkshistorie". One week later he wrote: "Nothing ever was more brilliant, more salutary or more effectual than the success [at Copenhagen]" and Perceval expressed similar sentiments. On 31 July, Napoleon ordered Talleyrand to tell Denmark to prepare for war against Britain or else Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte would invade Holstein. The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 5 September 1807) was a British bombardment of the Danish capital, Copenhagen in order to capture or destroy the Dano-Norwegian fleet, during the Napoleonic Wars.The incident led to the outbreak of the Anglo-Russian War of 1807, which ended with the Treaty of Örebro in 1812. Britain and Denmark remained at war for more than six years. The news of what happened did not reach Canning until 16 September. "De sÃ¥ det ske – Englandskrigene 1801–14" (in da). Then, when a storm arose in the Kattegat, the British destroyed or abandoned twenty-three of the captured gunboats. On 19 July, Lord Castlereagh, the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, ordered General Lord Cathcart at Stralsund to go with his troops to the Sound where they would get reinforcements. He holds degrees in History and War Studies from Oxford and London Universities and his previous books include. In early 1807, British leaders suspected that Napoleon might get control of the Russian fleet and then perhaps the Danish and Swedish ones, too—together a strong enough force to pose a new threat to Britain’s naval mastery. In 1801, they decided to attack a Danish line of defence, in the Battle of Copenhagen, under the command of Admiral Hyde Parker. In September 1807, the Royal Navy bombarded Copenhagen, seizing the Danish fleet, and assured use of the sea lanes in the North Sea and Baltic Sea for the British merchant fleet. Fearful that Napoleon’s defeat of Russia and Prussia might lead to French control of Baltic fleets, Britain acted ruthlessly to neutralize the substantial Danish navy allied with Napoleon. The incident led to the outbreak of the Anglo-Russian War of 1807, which ended with the Treaty of Örebro in 1812. [citation needed], The opposition claimed the national character was stained and Canning read out in Parliament the previous administration's plans in 1806 to stop the Portuguese navy falling into the hands of France. "The Second Battle of Copenhagen, (16 August - 5 September 1807) was a British preemptive attack on Copenhagen, targeting the civilian population in order to seize the Danish fleet." On 12 August, the 32-gun Danish frigate Friderichsværn sailed for Norway from Elsinor. Two manuscripts, however, were recovered and Thorkelin eventually published the poem in 1815.[27]. The Danish fleet surrendered to Britain after Copenhagen was bombarded. By the end of the afternoon, three more badly-damaged British ships ran aground, including Elephant. There were a further 25 gunboats similar to the Stege, of which 23 were lost in the October storm in the Kattegat[30] or destroyed rather than sailed to Britain – these lost were: Four barges (stykpram), floating gun platforms each with 20 cannon, were incapable of being moved far and so the British scuttled the barges during the British occupation of Copenhagen. [3] The British thought that after Prussia had been defeated in December 1806, Denmark's independence looked increasingly under threat from France. Battle of Copenhagen, (15 August–7 September 1807), an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars. Battle of Copenhagen may refer to: . The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 5 September 1807) was a British bombardment of the Danish capital, Copenhagen, in order to capture or destroy the Dano-Norwegian fleet, during the Napoleonic Wars.The incident led to the outbreak of the Anglo-Russian War of 1807, which ended with the Treaty of Örebro in 1812. The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 5 September 1807) was a British bombardment of the Danish capital, Copenhagen in order to capture or destroy the Dano-Norwegian fleet, during the Napoleonic Wars. [17], The Danes rejected British demands,[18] so the British fleet under Admiral Gambier bombarded the city from 2 to 5 September 1807. The Danish-Norwegian ships had been partly manned by volunteers, many having little or no naval experience, and as they were not all listed after the battle, it is uncertain what the exact Danish-Norwegian losses were. ... Another British expedition had to be send to Copenhagen in 1807 to prevent the French gaining control of the Danish navy. Copenhagen: Lademann Forlagsaktieselskab.Â, Winfield, Rif (2005). [12][13][14] The British took her into service as HMS Frederikscoarn. [7], During the night of 21/22 July, Canning received intelligence from Tilsit that Napoleon had tried to persuade Alexander I of Russia to form a maritime league with Denmark and Portugal against Britain. The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 5 September 1807) was a British bombardment of the Danish capital, Copenhagen in order to capture or destroy the Dano-Norwegian fleet, during the Napoleonic Wars. "Efterretning om det bekendte af den danske Flaades Tjeneste, efter Alphabetisk Orden, med adskillige Bilage, fra Aar 1752 og til den Dag, da Engelland voldsom bortførte samme i 1807" (in da). Corrections? 21 February 2013.Â, Jelsdorf, Hans Michael (June 2007). Battle of Copenhagen, (April 2, 1801), British naval victory over Denmark in the Napoleonic Wars. The Cabinet decided to act, and on 14 July Lord Mulgrave obtained from the King permission to send a naval force of 21 to 22 ships to the Kattegat for surveillance of the Danish navy in order to pursue "prompt and vigorous operations" if that seemed necessary. That same day, the Admiralty issued an order for more than 50 ships to sail for "particular service" under Admiral James Gambier. "History of the British Army". This contribution has not yet been formally edited by Britannica. Battle of Copenhagen, 2 April 1801. Donald Sommerville is a writer and editor specializing in military history. Despite the defeat and loss of many ships in the first Battle of Copenhagen in 1801, Denmark-Norway, possessing Jutland, Norway, Greenland, Schleswig-Holstein, Iceland, and several smaller territories, still maintained a considerable navy. The British added the fifteen captured ships-of-the-line that reached Britain to the British Navy but only four – Christian VII 80, Dannemark 74, Norge 74 and Princess Carolina 74 – saw subsequent active service. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP For the later naval battle, see Battle of Copenhagen (1807). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [8], The British assembled a force of 25,000 troops, and the vanguard sailed on 30 July; Jackson set out the next day. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Copenhagen-1807. The majority of the Danish army, under the Crown Prince, was at this time defending the southern border against possible attack from the French. A little more correlation between the events of 1801 and the battle of 1807 would be helpful. [28] In addition to those named here, there were another three dozen smaller frigates, sloops, bomb vessels, gun-brigs and schooners (e.g.HMS Rook attached to the British fleet), and a very large number of merchant or requisitioned ships carrying troops or supplies. In the meantime, more information about the article and the author can be found by clicking on the author’s name. "Nay, the fact that he has openly avowed such intention in an interview with the E[mperor] of R[ussia] is brought to this country in such a way as it cannot be doubted. When further negotiations failed, the British fleet, under Admiral James Gambier, began a fierce bombardment on 2 September, making much use of Congreve rockets (one of the first times rockets had been employed in European warfare). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 64–65, 70–72.Â, Garnett, James (2008). The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 5 September 1807) was a British bombardment of the Danish capital, Copenhagen in order to capture or destroy the Dano-Norwegian fleet, during the Napoleonic Wars. He wrote to Rev. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland - Sir Hyde Parker (1739-1807) Main Battle Line, Horatio Nelson (1 st Duke of Bronté in the Kingdom of Sicily) (1758-1805) Ship Name Commander Notes; Name : Polyphemus (64) John Lawford (1756-1842) 4 seamen, 1 marine killed; 20 seamen, 4 marines wounded: Name : Isis (50) James Walker (1764-1831) [16], On 26 August, General Wellesley was detached with his reserve and two light brigades of British artillery, as well as one battalion, eight squadrons and one troop of horse artillery from the King's German Legion (KGL) to disperse a force which had been sent to relieve the beleaguered city. [23] Lord Erskine condemned it by saying "if hell did not exist before, Providence would create it now to punish ministers for that damnable measure". "Defying Napoleon. The effect of the Battle of Copenhagen and the Tsar’s murder was to bring about the … Of these four barges (Hajen, Kiempen, Lindormen and Sværdfisken) only Hajen was not raised and refurbished by the Danes after the British departure. William Wilberforce MP said the expedition could be defended on grounds of self-defence. Individual record cards in Danish for ships of the Danish Royal Navy used to be found on the internet at Orlogmuseet Skibregister, but this is now a dead link (from February 2013). Various accounts say that between 10,000 and 120,000 rockets were launched. Copenhagen: Hof- og Universitetsbogtrykker E. U. H. Møller.Â, Lindeberg, Lars (1974). ", List of female United States Air Force generals, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, William Schaw Cathcart, 1st Earl Cathcart, 4th Company, 3rd Battalion, Royal Artillery, 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot, 79th (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders) Regiment of Foot, 23rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Welsh Fusiliers), 82nd (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) Regiment of Foot, 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot, List of ships captured during Battle of Copenhagen, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/16062/page/1157, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/16067/page/1232, "A concise account of the origin and progress of the Rocket System", http://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/titleinfo/3524195, https://books.google.com/books?id=lP70HAAACAAJ, The Bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807; by Jens Rahbek Rasmussen; translated by David Frost, British Ambassador in Copenhagen, England expects that every man will do his duty, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles needing page number citations from November 2014, Articles needing factual verification from November 2014, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia. (This page also includes the second battle of Copenhagen 1807) The Battle of Copenhagen (Danish: slaget på Reden) was an engagement which saw a British fleet under the command of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker fight and strategically defeat a Danish-Norwegian … pp. Danish navy surrendered to the United Kingdom. Estimates vary between 1,135 and 2,215 captured, killed or wounded. On 5 September, the Danes sued for peace, and the capitulation was signed on 7 September. Admiral Lord Gambier sent the 74-gun third rate Defence and the 22-gun sixth rate Comus after her, even though war had not yet been declared. Account of the Battle of Copenhagen, the second, and hardest fought, of Nelson's three great naval victories. The Danes refused, and hostilities began. A Segunda Batalha de Copenhague (ou o Bombardeio de Copenhague ) (16 de agosto - 5 de setembro de 1807) foi um bombardeio britânico da capital dinamarquesa, Copenhague , a fim de capturar ou destruir a frota Dano-Norueguesa , durante as Guerras Napoleônicas . Battle of Copenhagen (1807) - Wikipedia The events post 1801 are somewhat rushed through but the reader is reminded that Denmark's power was substantially weakened by the end of the Napoleonic era. Fearful that Napoleon ’s defeat of Russia and Prussia might lead to French control of Baltic fleets, Britain acted ruthlessly to neutralize the substantial Danish navy allied with Napoleon. [lower-alpha 5]. Battle of Copenhagen, (15 August–7 September 1807), an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars. Canning replied by saying that the British were hated throughout Europe and so Britain could wage an "all-out maritime war" against France without worrying who they were going to upset. p. 292.Â, Smith, D. (1998). [26], The British bombardment frustrated the first attempt to publish a modern edition of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf as the subsequent fire destroyed the 20-year work of scholar Grímur Jónsson Thorkelin. The following website in Danish or in English gives the list of ships, as recorded by the Danes, "forcefully taken" by the British in September 1807 at Copenhagen. Canning replied with a three-hour speech which Lord Palmerston described as "so powerful that it gave a decisive turn to the debate". Admiral Horatio Nelson, under the command of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker aimed to smash the armed neutrality of the north by defeating the Danes at Copenhagen. Let us know. The three motions on this subject were heavily defeated and on 21 March the opposition tabled a direct motion of censure on the battle. Denmark did manage to capture some British merchant ships, and Britain had to convoy and escort its Baltic trade. In addition, the British broke up or destroyed three 74-gun ships-of-the-line on the stocks, along with two of the ships-of-the-fleet and two elderly frigates. Losses: Danish, 2,000–3,000 dead, 60 ships captured; British, 200 dead or wounded. Compre o livro The Battle of Copenhagen 1801 na Amazon.com.br: confira as ofertas para livros em inglês e importados The Cabinet decided on 18 July to send Francis Jackson on a secret mission to Copenhagen to persuade Denmark to give its fleet to Britain. [lower-alpha 2]. 126 ships, large and small, were involved at Copenhagen, included those named below. William Cobbett in his Political Register wrote that it was "vile mockery" and "mere party cavilling" to claim that Denmark had the means to preserve her neutrality. The force reached Denmark in early August 1807 and demanded that the Danes allow their fleet to be taken into British control. A horse foaled in 1808 (the year following the battle) was named "Copenhagen" in its honor, and was eventually sold to Wellesley and became his favored mount, most notably at the Battle of Waterloo. The official report by Olfert Fische… A further "unsinkable" floating battery (Flaadebatteri No 1) of twenty-four 24-pound cannon was rendered inoperable and decommissioned the following year. After her capture, one ex-Danish ship-of-the-line, Neptunos, ran aground and was burnt on or near the island of Hven. Updates? Britain's first response to Napoleon's Continental system was to launch a major naval attack on the weakest link in Napoleon's coalition, Denmark. The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 5 September 1807) was a British preemptive attack on Copenhagen, targeting the civilian population in order to seize the Dano-Norwegian fleet.The attack gave rise to the term to Copenhagenize. The references, in Danish, are as follows, Fortsecue, Sir John (1910). Interested in participating in the Publishing Partner Program? The battle came about over British fears that the powerful Danish fleet …
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