Globalization Debates: Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous. We believe that the effects of globalization on the MDGs is creating a more homogeneous global economy and culture. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. It is secular as it defines reality in terms of the tangible world of experience. Heterogeneity can be defined as the difference or diversity in kind or arrangement of component elements or constituents. An expansive global identity both provokes and facilitates an explanatory local identity. Countries in Western West Europe and the United States of America are examples of core countries. d) Saw the establishment of the international Convention on the Elimination . Theory of Liberalism: This term translates to something like the Make in India movement that is gaining traction today. Like KPMG is operating its office worldwide with its head office in Switzerland. It holds that phenomena can be understood in terms of single incontrovertible truths that are discoverable by rigorous application of objective research methods. The following globalization example gives an understanding of the most common type of areas where globalization exists. De Economist,167(3), 259282. Further, the society wherein multiculturalism has to exist always generates a sort of fear of loss of national identity. Certain knowledge structures support certain power hierarchies. Corporate Valuation, Investment Banking, Accounting, CFA Calculator & others, This website or its third-party tools use cookies, which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. A community building approach can enable the Millennium Development Goals to be achieved without creating a simply homogenous global culture. In reality, many factors influence the development of societies, making it difficult to predict which direction a community will take accurately (Form, 1979). It would be helpful to assert that the theories, see globalization as a process that increases either homogeneity or heterogeneity. We can see that the p-value of the chi-squared test is 0.11, confirming the null hypothesis and thus suggesting homogeneity. Their contests can be overt or latent. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. This trend can be seen in the Trade, Immigration, Communication, Media, Entertainment, Culture, etc. If people then experience other cultures that have different values and normal behaviors, they will find that the thought patterns appropriate to their birth culture and the meanings their birth culture attaches to behaviors are not appropriate for the new cultures. There is a large proportion of impoverished and illiterate individuals, as well as a small elite class that controls the majority of the economy. More recently, it has another, broader meaning in the aging field in terms of the tremendous differences in cultural and ethnic backgrounds among the nation's older adults. This is due to the fact that poorer nations on the periphery tend to offer natural resources and inexpensive labour for items created and sold by corporations in the wealthier, core countries. Liberalists stress the necessity of constructing institutional infrastructure to support globalisation. It looks like a secular faith, a knowledge framework for capitalist production and a cult of economic efficiency. Both sides use Japan as an example. It covers the full scope of societal regulation. Many forms of supra-territorial solidarities are appearing through globalisation. Furthermore, it disregards the fact that many societies may move in different directions, with some populations more likely to experience advantages from convergence than others. Viktoriya Sus (MA) and Peer Reviewed by Chris Drew (PhD), Origins and History of Convergence Theory, 1. For the settlement of disputes and providing guidelines on international matters World trade organization was established, for the governance of global health and disease world health organization (WHO) was established, World Meteorological Organization was established as the specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) for collecting the information and monitoring the trends of the Earths atmosphere and its interaction with lands and ocean and the European Union (EU) was established with the motive of promotion of human rights, trade, humanitarian aid, and development, etc. If others differ from you, it means you exist. Its legal and institutional infrastructures serve the logic of surplus accumulation of a global scale. Homogeneity It refer to increasing sameness in the world as . A global partnership will simultaneously create a connection between countries and allow countries to learn from each other. Anarchists challenge the oppressive nature of states and other bureaucratic governance frameworks. https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/chi-square-test.html, Natural killer cells in glioblastoma therapy. World-systems theory emphasises the significance of the entire globe as a whole instead of individual nations. A few examples of companies that have effectively put the glocalization concept into practice include Coca-Cola, Disney, and McDonald's. Glocalization differs from Globalization in that glocalization deals with customizing products or services to blend with the local customs. This shows that globalization has a good presence in the banking industry. It Overlooks the role of Power and Inequality, Uncertainty Reduction Theory: 10 Examples and Definition, Gender Schema Theory: Examples, Definition, Criticisms, Social Trap: 15 Examples and Definition (Psychology). Viktoriya is passionate about researching the latest trends in economics and business. Accordingly, the term globalisation reflects increased interconnectedness in political, economic and cultural matters across the world creating a shared social space. For example, the US and China cooperate to combat piracy off Somalias coast. This idea presumes that all societies will progress towards the same goal, regardless of any distinctions in economic standings or governmental systems. Psychosocial political dysfunction of the republican party. These theorists argued that convergence was more than just a simple process and could have a tangible impact on how societies interact. In expanding social relations, people explore their class, their gender, their nationality, their race, their religious faith and other aspects of their being. On the other hand this is going to strengthen the phenomenon of ethnocentrism. The same stands correct for groups and institutions as well, and may even be applied to religions and cultures. Like, the Greek culture is being spread over Africa, Asia, and Europe which can be seen in the cities having the name of Alexander in Africa, Turkey, and Egypt. Most of these are apolitical. Learn more. These organisational interests combine actors identified under the hyper-globalist category (namely IGOs and MNEs) with those of the sceptics (trading blocs and powerful states) into a new system where each of these actors exercises their political power, authority and forms of rule. Its origins are traced back to the mid-1960s when Clark Kerr states that societies around the globe were continuously becoming more and more alike due to technological, communication, and transportation advancements. Such differences can occur across both space and time. Each one of them carries several variations. So, as countries become increasingly linked and globalized, they will tend to imitate each others governmental systems (such as democracy rather than communism), economic models (capitalism, socialism, or a blend of both), and collective values. Question 2. Rationalism is instrumentalist. It offers abundant opportunities to transfer surplus, especially from the weak to the powerful. It also explains why specific trends, such as consumer culture and democracy, have become more prevalent in recent years. Globalisation has also arisen because of the way that people have mentally constructed the social world with particular symbols, language, images and interpretation. In the first wave, the age of discovery (1450-1850), globalization: a) Was a benign form of cosmopolitan democracy. He argued that homogenizing cultures would create a utopian world without conflicts and disparities (Brubaker, 2022). All people cannot be assumed to be equally amenable to and desirous of increased globality in their lives. This sample globalization research paper features: 6400 words (approx. About The Helpful Professor The world is now a busy and bustling place where events and things can have an effect around the globe. Some other structural inequalities cannot be adequately explained as an outcome of interstate competition. Colin Wayne Leach, . But they fail to understand that everything in globalisation does not come down to the acquisition, distribution and exercise of power. It Ignores Cultural and Historical Differences, 2. The Silk Road which was made to encourage trade between China and the countries around the Mediterranean Sea will not only flourish the trade between these countries but at the same time also allow the exchange of culture and knowledge. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Anthropological studies reveal that People born into a particular culture that grow up absorbing the values and behaviors of the culture will develop a worldview that considers their culture to be the norm. The convergence process could lead to a unified global society with greater uniformity among its members, thus providing a helpful lens for studying topics such as socioeconomic development, modernization, and globalization. A network for students interested in evidence-based health care. Some of the scholars stand for a balance of power, where any attempt by one state to achieve world dominance is countered by collective resistance from other states. They too, as Michel Foucault does strive to understand society in terms of knowledge power: power structures shape knowledge. Another group suggests that a dominant state can bring stability to world order. The natural environment with a limited and gradual impact on culture is relatively stable. This theory argues that technological, economic, and political developments lead to a convergence of social structures and cultural norms. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result. Such accounts of globalisation have come from the fields of Anthropology, Humanities, Media of Studies and Sociology. The Philippines embodies the same fundamental reality as other Third World countries. The review process on Helpful Professor involves having a PhD level expert fact check, edit, and contribute to articles. As time passes there have been various hegemonic cores that have emerged, like the US or previously Britain and before that the Netherlands which then for a period dominated the capitalist system. And on certain occasions it is also possible that the political parties themselves turn violent in the pursuit of their motto. Dr. Drew has published over 20 academic articles in scholarly journals. They have their unique structures and traits that are not found in industrialised countries, and they will not become a core nation at a rapid pace no matter the amount of external aid received. Earlier nationalism promoted territorialism, capitalism, and statism, now these plural identities are feeding more and more globality, hyper-capitalism and polycentrism. For the time being states marked with multiculturalism have to introduce hard and fast rules and vigilant checks against any sort of attempt to strengthen violation of it. The Anthropology of Globalization provides an ethnographic introduction to the world of flows and interconnections. Your email address will not be published. Surplus accumulation has had transpired in one way or another for many centuries, but capitalism is a comparatively recent phenomenon. There are numerous interpretations and perspectives surrounding this process and through these, there are always an increasing number of benefits and/or drawbacks that are realised. Mindsets encourage or discourage the rise of globality. Here are some steps on how you can treat this issue: (1) Fletcher, J. Money facilitates accumulation. 2017 PoliticalScienceNotes - All rights reserved, Inevitability Bogey Dismissed by Petras and Veltmeyer. But it has especially transformed the world economy which has become increasingly inter-connected and inter-dependent. Globalization Theories We will analyze globalization culturally, economically and politically. Any mode of production cannot operate in the absence of an enabling regulatory apparatus. Today, convergence theory is used to understand the effects of globalization and how it impacts different societies. Example: In global finance, change in . Trade across the world has got increased because of the concept of a Letter of credit issued for a person by the bank and acts as a representative for him for a defined level of credit. It has a long tradition of adapting the needs of the global market. The omnipresent MNCs, or multinational companies, are the best example of this form of growth. This is an insightful piece. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2945945, Hay, J., & Couldry, N. (2011). (3) https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/chi-square-test.html, Your email address will not be published. However, Biyane Michael criticises them. Liberalism sees the process of globalisation as market-led extension of modernisation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2011.600527. It does not focus on the problem of globalisation per se. c) Was decisively shaped by European expansion and conquest. (a) Technological advances, particularly in the areas of transport, communications and information processing, and. So, if one brings together different studies for analysing them or doing a meta-analysis, it is clear that there will be differences found. At the most elementary level, it is a result of natural human desires for economic welfare and political liberty. ); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities. Their success lies in attention to what will work in any country and what wont. It is cultural in that the customs, traditions, religion, language, social and moral norms, and other aspects of the imposing community are distinct from, though often closely related . Liberal talk of freedom and democracy make up a legitimating ideology for exploitative global capitalist class relations. https://www.jstor.org/stable/178161. Copyright 2023 Helpful Professor. The capitalist economy is thoroughly monetised. The results confirm that globalization of culture creates heterogeneity, but within the context of one world culture, namely as local adaptations of world cultural forms. They imply that the politics of globalisation have been transformed (using their word from the definition of globalisation) along all of these dimensions because of the emergence of a new system of political globalisation. They define political globalisation as the shifting reach of political power, authority and forms of rule based on new organisational interests which are transnational and multi-layered.. 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Of discovery ( 1450-1850 ), globalization: a ) technological advances, in... Of any distinctions in economic standings or governmental systems now these plural are... A limited and gradual impact on how you can treat this issue (.