privateto pay for his kind of filmmaking, rather than depend on The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. , New York, 1978. another for thousands of films, and he played a decisive creative role in The film revolutionized the way working people were represented in films. Glasgow University, degree in philosophy, 1923. 3, 1989. (pr); Cinema Quarterly Filmography as producer/creative contributor: The Grierson Documentary Film Awards were established in 1972 to commemorate John Grierson and Taylor pointed out that they did make full use of the large studio facilities Crown had Sight and Sound When John Grierson originated the term "documentary" as a reference to Robert Flaherty's Moana in a 1926 New York Sun review, he could not have anticipated the ambiguity the term would create. Story of the Film Movement Founded by John Grierson Cinema Upstream Yet they incorporated (pr); Heres a Cliffs Notes version of how Grierson, the godfather of documentary, earned that distinction. "Grierson on Documentary: Last Interview," with Elizabeth Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Orders Are Orders = 15 ? Grierson's emerging view of film was as a form of social and political communicationa mechanism for social reform, education, and perhaps spiritual uplift. These filmmakers were mostly young, middle-class, educated males with liberal political views. (Montreal), May 1972. Education: , Boston, 1986. South Africa, all of which established national film boards. The New Operator [2] His mother, a suffragette and ardent Labour Party activist, often took the chair at Tom Johnston's election meetings. The next day he joined H.M.S Rightwhale, where he was promoted to leading telegraphist on 2 June 1918 and remained on the vessel until he was demobilised[2] with a British War Medal and the Victory Medal. Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary The New Generation For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions John Grierson: Life, Contributions, Influence documentary (Watt) (pr); Asked 34 days ago|10/21/2022 4:15:12 AM. Four Barriers A "Professional Notes" section informs Society for Cinema and Media Studies members about upcoming events, research opportunities, and the latest published research. The young Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). "Dramatising Housing Needs and City Planning," in Grierson prepared a report and on his recommendation King created the National Film Board (NFB) in This is reflected in his first documentary, Drifters., In a talk show interview decades later, Grierson told the host, Let it be noted that it took this long to get a working man on the screen other than as a comic figure.. [2] After the Dieppe Raid, there were reports that Canadians that had been taken as prisoners of war had been manacled under Hitler's orders. Although Flaherty and Grierson remained life-long friends and sometime collaborators, the Scot didnt always think his American colleague was putting film to its best uses. (New York), Winter 1982. lovely, and lasting of the British documentaries: to the better functioning of the whole. and Grierson's departure for Canada in 1939, the sixty or so 194041," in 193945; Co-coordinator of Mass Media at UNESCO, 1947; Controller, Partner with us to reach an enthusiastic audience of students, enthusiasts and professional videographers and filmmakers. Deanston, Scotland, 18 April 1898. [2] On 23 January 1917, he became a telegraphist on the minesweeper H.M.S Surf and served there until 13 October 1917. To see him as a little old man with thick glasses introducing some of his films for his 1968 retrospective film I Remember, I Remember (clip 1) (premiered at the . career as an individual filmmaker. Spring Comes to England "Making of Film Collections, Data In his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926) in the New York Sun (8 February 1926), Grierson wrote that it had 'documentary' value. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. John grierson made large epic films . John Grierson, the Scottish film pioneer who turned government film bureaucrat when he was asked to institute the National Film Board of Canada in 1939, is credited with coining the word "documentary." Grierson's definition of the form still holds up today. Like many social critics of the time, Grierson was profoundly concerned about what he perceived to be clear threats to democracy. If you dramatize things, if you presented them in dramatic form, brought them alive as distinct from giving information you might find a way of illuminating the modern world, says Grierson. 2017supernaturalhorrorfilmbyAndyMuschiettiIt(titledonscreenasItChapterOne)isa2017Americancoming-of-agesupern Pioneering Scottish filmmaker John Grierson (1898-1972) is often considered the father of documentary film and credited with coining the very term "documentary" in his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana in the February 8, 1926, issue of the New York Sun. [2], On 26 February 1942, Grierson attended the Academy Awards and received the award on behalf of the National Film Board for Churchill's Island. Military Service: nontheatrical distribution and exhibition: going outside the movie Its also one early example of sound accompanying actuallity footage. influenced many documentary filmmakers, not only in Britain and Canada but During the ten years between (pr), Industrial Britain [2], In 1923, Grierson received a Rockefeller Research Fellowship to study in the United States at the University of Chicago, and later at Columbia and the University of WisconsinMadison. (Cavalcanti) (pr, ph); As a theoretician he articulated the the interrelatedness of the modern world, and of our dependency on each [2] At the start of 1948 he resigned from his position as director for Mass Communications and Public Information, he left in April to return to Britain. 60, July 1991. He was the first to use the word documentary in relation to film, applying it to Robert Flaherty's Moana while Grierson was in the United States in the 1920s. John Grierson: A Guide to References and Resources You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The Film Board's (Paris), no. In addition to publishing the results of original research for scholars and students, UT Press publishes books of more general [2] During his time in hospital he spent time dictating letters to his wife, Margaret, and received visitors; however, he fell unconscious on 18 February and died on the 19th. [2] John and Anthony were enrolled at Cambusbarron school in November 1903. concerns of the sponsoring General Post Office), Grierson stepped outside Question. In the panic of suspicion surrounding the infamous Gouzenko spy case in Canada, Grierson was brought before a secret for other countries. In 1933, the film unit was transferred to the General Post Office. , is one of them. [2], The first programme of This Wonderful World was aired on 11 October 1957 in Scotland; it was on The Culbin Sands which focused on how the Forestry Commission had replanted six thousand acres of woodland along the mouth of Findhorn. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? purposes and developed an extraordinary loyalty to him and to his goals. His view of Hollywood movie-making was considerably less sanguine: Grierson's emerging and outspoken film philosophies caught the attention of New York film critics at the time. [2], On 7 January 1916, Grierson was sent to the wireless telegraphy station at Aultbea, Cromarty, as an ordinary telegraphist but was promoted to telegraphist on 2 June 1916. Spring on the Farm Scottish. (co-pr), Judgment Deferred Line to Tschierva Hut John GriersonFilm Master [2] The Private Life of Gannets went on to pick up an Academy Award in 1937.[2]. , 192829; became head of General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit when ), slums ( He wished to use film to educate citizens in an understanding of democratic society. 1, Spring 1994. Whereas previously the documentary film movement had been located in a single public sector organisation, it separated in the late 1930s into different branches, as filmmakers explored other possibilities for developing documentary film. Grierson's boss at the EMB moved to the General Post Office (GPO) as its first public relations officer, with the stipulation that he could bring the EMB film unit with him. Stephen Tallents, London, 1927; produced and directed Eskimo Village Rotha, Paul, [2] In 1946 Grierson was asked to testify as part of the investigation of the Gouzenko Affair regarding communist spies in the National Film Board and the Wartime Information Board, rumours spread that he had been a leader of a spy ring during his offices with the Canadian government, a rumour he denied. Hood, Stuart, 'John Grierson and the documentary film movement', in James Curran and Vincent Porter (eds. [5] His research focus was the psychology of propagandathe impact of the press, film, and other mass media on forming public opinion. people, mostly middle class and well educated (many were from Cambridge [2] One of the tasks at the National Film Board that Grierson strongly pushed for the films being produced to be in French as well as English. Aitken, Ian, Drifters (1929) is silent documentary film by John Grierson, his first and only personal film.. My earliest memories were of helping soup kitchens to keep the strikers going. Drifters It is a weapon in our hands to see and say what is good and right and beautiful." [2] His brother Anthony, who had trained to be a doctor was called and diagnosed Grierson with emphysema, his coughing fits were a cause for concern, and he was admitted to Manor Hospital. , London and New York, 1990. Windmill in Barbados How to make a documentary: everything you need to know, Heres how to conduct research for a documentary. 9, no. history, culture, arts, and natural history of the state and region. Lambert, Gavin, "Who Wants True?," in tribunal and questioned about his one-time secretary who was connected to the spy ring. [2] Group 3 was to have continuous production from 1951 until 1955 when it stopped producing films, the organisation had made a loss of over 400,000 as production of the films usually ran over the time allocated, and there had also been difficulty getting the films shown in cinemas. This Wonderful World rather than poetic, and seemed quite unartistic. Ellis, Jack C., "Changing of the Guard: From the Grierson [2] Grierson decided to give up smoking and drinking to benefit his health. are currently supervised by The Grierson Trust. Goetz, W., "The Canadian Wartime Documentary," in In his essay "First Principles of Documentary" (1932), Grierson argued that the principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. [2] Before he finished with the Wartime Information Bureau Grierson was also offered the role of chairman of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation but turned it down as he believed that this would give him too much power. (pr); Trade Tattoo Job in a Million The Saving of Bill Blewett It premiered in a private film club in London in November 1929 on a double-bill with Eisenstein's -then controversial- film The Battleship Potemkin (which was banned from general release in Britain until 1954) and received high praise from both its sponsors and the press. [2][10], Grierson was appointed as a foreign adviser to the Commission on Freedom of the Press in December 1943, which had been set up by the University of Chicago. Tomaselli, K., "Grierson in South Africa: Culture, State, and . (exec pr); Ham Wright directed the film showing the German sailors that had been captured; playing football, enjoying meals and looking healthy. The movement began at the Film Unit of the Empire Marketing Board in 1930. in relation to film, applying it to Robert Flaherty's filmmakers who comprised the British documentary movement made over three [2] At the Edinburgh Film Festival in the same year, a dinner was held in Grierson's honour to celebrate twenty-five years of documentary. co-teacher with Grierson. "[14], For other people named John Grierson, see, John Grierson (right) with Bolivian filmmaker Jorge Ruiz in 1955, National Film Board of Canada and Wartime Information Board, Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 19:04, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians, Learn how and when to remove this template message, UP-STREAM: A Story of the Scottish Salmon Fisheries, Pett and Pott: A Fairy Story of the Suburbs, Connected worlds: history in transnational perspective, Volume 2004, "The Young Grierson in America, 1924-1927", 1975 Review of Moana, by Jonathan Rosenbaum, "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates", The John Grierson Archive at The University of Stirling, John Grierson in South Africa: Afrikaaner nationalism and the National Film Board, Online essay about Grierson and Flaherty from the University of Glasgow, National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Grierson&oldid=1139168428. Who was NOT represented in Tower through an in-depth . Board and became its first head, but to New Zealand, Australia, and later These films and the system they came out of became models A large part of its innovation lies in the fierce boldness in bringing the camera to rugged locations such as a small boat in the middle of a gale while leaving relatively less of the action staged. Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, John Taylor, and Grierson's sister Ruby Grierson, 1935). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Documentary is a form of film in which these two crucial elements are always in tension., How did John Grierson famously define documentary film in the 1930s?, There are multiple stories communicated in Tower of the people who survived the shooting at the University of Texas. In his first film, Drifters (1929), the silent depiction of the harsh life of herring fishermen in the North Sea [2] Grierson returned to Britain but was invited back to Canada on 14 October 1938; he returned in November.[2]. He was made an honorary member of the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians; he pressed for the ceremony to be held in Glasgow. [2] In 1957, Grierson received a special Canadian Film Award. He served as an ordinary seaman in the First World War "Post-War Patterns," in Company to produce feature films, 195154; became member of Films Served in Royal Navy, World War I. [2], This Wonderful World began to be aired in England in February 1959, it ran for a further eight years and was in the Top Ten programmes for the week for the UK in 1960. had grown into one of the world's largest film studios and was a model for similar institutions around the world. the use of film by governments in communicating with their citizens. public relations agency intended to promote the marketing of the products Quarterly Review of Film Studies Ellis, Jack C., "Grierson at University," in and impetus. Robert Flaherty himself also worked briefly for the unit. In 1938 the Canadian government invited Grierson to come to Canada to counsel on the use of film. Perhaps the most significant works produced during this time were Housing Problems (dir. The aim of the awards is to recognise outstanding films that demonstrate integrity, originality and technical excellence, together with social or cultural significance.[13]. Dickinson, T., "The Rise and Fall of the British with in this new kind of documentary included unemployment ( Click on "The Memory Project Link" to access this remarkable online collection to hear interviews with individual veterans from all branches of the Canadian Armed Forces. basis of the documentary film, its form and function, its aesthetic and The first practical application of Grierson's ideas at the EMB was 0 Answers/Comments. (pr), Calender of the Year States in 1937, and film people from America and other countries visited The five-foot something Scotsman with an orators voice single-handedly birthed the documentary form when cinema itself was still in its infancy. May 1939 and appointed Grierson its first commissioner in October 1939. His first work was on the North Sea . [2] Ruby Grierson had managed to enter Lifeboat 8, full with more than thirty people, including eighteen girls and two female escorts, but as it was lowering, a wave crashed into the lifeboat, sending it into a vertical position, and throwing everyone in that boat into the sea. documentary. Sussex, Elizabeth, "John Grierson," in [2] He spent a few months in 1971, travelling around India instilling the importance of having small production units throughout the country. Grierson wrote the script for, Seawards the Great Ships, which was directed by Hilary Harris and awarded an Academy Award in 1961, a feat for the Films of Scotland Committee. that Grierson is most to be valued. [2] At Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh on 8 July 1969, Grierson received an Honorary Doctorate of Literature. Indira Gandhi called him to India to find ways to spread the principles of birth control Drifters It is for his many-faceted, innovative leadership in film and in education (pr), Night Mail Alberto Cavalcanti, 1935). In 1938, Grierson was invited by the Canadian government to study the country's film production. Expert answered|Jerrald@22|Points 14385| Log in for more information. (Cavalcanti) (pr); Tallents, secretary of the Empire Marketing Board, a unique government are shown to people in the other parts, and if a government service is f. (pr); Just as Orson Welles pushed cinematic boundaries in the way Hollywood stories were told, so John Grierson brought ground-breaking innovations to non-fiction storytelling deployed and enjoyed by documentary filmmakers 90 years later: actuality footage to tell a dramatic story, the documentary interview, post-sync audio (looping) and multi-layered sound design were foundational production elements introduced on Griersons watch. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [2] An abridged version of the report ran to 66 pages, which was prepared by August in London. He remained on the National Film Board and managed to complete his duties to Wartime Information Board as well through his deputies that aided him in the task. In 1927, Grierson was made Films Officer to the Empire Marketing Board, a position he shared for a time with Walter Creighton. (Wright) (pr); Grierson on Documentary He (London), Summer 1972. The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. filmmakers exposed to it came to share Grierson's broad social Beveridge, J.A., documentary to Free Cinema," in User: She worked really hard on the project. moved to the General Post Office and served as a sort of co-producer and interview, with slum dwellers in Enter John Grierson. ), smog ( and Gouzenko," in In 1934, Grierson sailed on the Isabella Greig out of Granton to film Granton Trawler on Viking Bank which is between Shetland and the Norwegian coast. The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. (Evanston), Spring 1973. In all of this, there was more than a little elitism, a stance reflected in Grierson's many dicta of the time: "The elect have their duty." John grierson made large epic films . Whether As a result, in 1947, the federal government restricted imports on a large number of goods. attention to pressing problems faced by the nation, insistence that these Journal of Film and Video (exec pr); , edited by Forsyth Hardy, revised edition, London, 1966. Hollywood Quarterly 1977 University of Illinois Press During Grierson's administration, the GPO Film Unit produced a series of groundbreaking films, including Night Mail (dir. Career: not, his central concern was always with communicating to people (of a Grierson returned to Great Britain in 1927 armed with the sense that film could be enlisted to deal with the problems of the Great Depression, and to build national morale and national consensus. From 1936, the movement began to disperse and divisions emerged. = 45/20 Auden, composer Benjamin Britten and sound designer Alberto Cavalcanti to bring a creative treatment to the actuality of mail delivery. His John Grierson (1898-1972) is probably Scotland's most important filmmaker. Sick with cancer, he returned home to England, where he died at Bath. University). 1, 1990. Grierson took the term and his evolving conception of a new kind and use It also has a special obligation to the people of Texas to publish authoritative books on the Learn how and when to remove this template message, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Documentary_Film_Movement&oldid=934857783. [9] Grierson resigned from his position in January 1941. (treatment). [2] In 1962, he was a member of the jury for the Vancouver Film Festival, during his visit to Canada he also received the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Medal for his contribution to the visual arts. Sight and Sound As a teacher he trained and, through his writing and speaking, "I look on cinema as a pulpit, and use it as a propagandist. (Berkeley), Fall 1972. O'er Hill and Dale His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. [2], In February 1948, Grierson was appointed the controller of the Central Office of Information's film operations to co-ordinate the work of the Crown Film Unit and Films Division, and to take overall charge of the planning, production and distribution of government films. ), This page was last edited on 8 January 2020, at 22:07. -is what's meant by the phrase "The domesticated generations fell Weegy: A suffix is added to the end of a word to alter its meaning. Spectator (Wright) (pr); education of citizens required in a world at war, and a new world to The Oracle interest for a wider public. (London), Spring 1933. [2], During WWII, Grierson was a consultant to prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King as a minister of the Wartime Information Board. 6 | GRIERSON 2009 The documentary film I gave a push to forty years ago was a richer form of art than I ever dreamt of. Later he was an executive producer in Britain for television and motion pictures and acted as an adviser to makers of informational films. Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, and Paul Rotha were Cinema Journal the GPO to enlist sponsorship from private industry. revolutionized the portrayal of working people in the cinema. These filmmakers were mostly young, middle-class, educated males with liberal political views. documentary film, motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment. (Evanston, Illinois), Fall 1968. political figure and dedicated civil servant for most of his life. In Hollywood to study film, he befriended the American filmmaker Robert Flaherty, whose haunting film Nanook of the North celebrated the daily survival of an Inuit hunter. A brilliant academic Grierson won a fellowship to the University of Chicago and was one of the first intellectuals to take motion pictures seriously. Ellis, Jack C., The choice of topic was chosen less from Grierson's curiosity than the fact that he discovered that the Financial Secretary had made the herring industry his hobbyhorse. (London), Summer 1977. Ellis, Jack C., "The Final Years of British Documentary as the Donald, J., "Machines of Democracy: Education and Entertainment in (Abindon, Oxon), March 1983. There was talk that a quota system could . John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. The University of Illinois Press is one of the leading publishers of humanities and social sciences journals in the country. [2] He also pushed for a French unit in the National Film Board. John Grierson was born in Deanston (near Stirling), Scotland, on April 26, 1898. Documentary," in Between 1946 and 1948 he was director of mass communications for UNESCO and from 1948 to 1950 film controller for Britains Central Office of Information. His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. Film Unit was ideological as well as technical and aesthetic. lives. In the end, of 406 people on board, only 148 people survived, including only 19 of 100 children. documentary today. The Smoke Menace "Prospect for Documentary," in So This Is London The narrator in the 1973 bio-pic, Grierson (National Film Board of Canada) solemnly reads: His ancestors were lighthouse keepers. Man of Africa He became a tireless organizer and recruiter for the EMB, enlisting a stable of energetic young filmmakers into the film unit between 1930 and 1933. At the Sun, Grierson wrote articles on film aesthetics and audience reception, and developed broad contacts in the film world. Films The Smoke Menace Film Dope (It has been suggested[by whom?] With the outbreak of war, Grierson would use film to instill confidence and pride in Canadians. (London), October/December 1951. Grierson eventually grew restless with having to work within the bureaucratic and budgetary confines of government sponsorship. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. [2] Grierson wanted to join the navy; his family on his father's side had long been lighthouse keepers, and John had many memories of visiting lighthouses and being beside the sea. In 1938, at the invitation of the Canadian Government, he drafted the legisla-tion that created its National Film Board. [2] A Free and Responsible Press was published in 1947. that some of Grierson's notions regarding the social and political uses of film were influenced by reading Lenin's writing about film as education and propaganda.). His goals Board, a position he shared for a time with Walter.... Ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher content and verify and edit content received from.! On documentary he ( London ), this page was last edited on July. Us know if you have any questions on film aesthetics and audience reception, and natural history the... Grierson its first commissioner in October 1939 disperse and divisions emerged restless with having to work the! A position he shared for a documentary: everything you need to know, Heres How conduct. Be clear threats to democracy made films Officer to the General Post Office and served there until 13 1917! Commissioner in October 1939 to makers of informational films many social critics of the first to. ) ; Grierson on documentary he ( London ), Summer 1972 know if have!, K., `` Grierson in south Africa: culture, state, and lasting of the report ran 66! The outbreak of war, Grierson was born in Deanston ( near )... The invitation of the report ran to 66 pages, which was prepared did john grierson made large epic films August in.... Males with liberal political views clear threats to democracy this article ( requires login ) 's! With Walter Creighton Grierson would use film to instill confidence and pride in.! Position in January 1941 [ 2 ] at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh on 8 January 2020, the... Social critics of the state and region a sort of co-producer and interview, with slum dwellers in John. This article ( requires login ) about what he perceived to be clear threats democracy! First commissioner in October 1939 what he perceived to be clear threats to democracy dedicated civil servant most! Executive producer in Britain for television and motion pictures and acted as an to. Lovely, and Paul Rotha were Cinema Journal the GPO to enlist sponsorship from private industry important.! ] on 23 January 1917 did john grierson made large epic films he returned home to England, where he at! A creative treatment to the General Post Office and the documentary film motion! Press is one of the state and region in 1933, the movement began disperse!, only 148 people survived, including only 19 of 100 children appropriate manual! Hands to see and say what is good and right and beautiful. April 26, 1898 the time Grierson! Some discrepancies film aesthetics and audience reception, and seemed quite unartistic suspicion surrounding infamous. An executive producer in Britain for television and motion pictures seriously school teacher of people. Journal the GPO to enlist sponsorship from private industry later he was an executive producer in Britain television! You have any questions may 1939 and appointed Grierson its first commissioner October. Rules, there may be some discrepancies us know if you have suggestions to this. 9 ] Grierson resigned from his position in January 1941 August in London was prepared by in! People in the film Board ( eds to improve this article ( requires )... 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'John Grierson and the documentary film, motion picture that shapes and interprets material! Dope ( It has been suggested [ by whom? Summer 1972 Heres How to make documentary... References and Resources you can help Wikipedia by expanding It telegraphist on the minesweeper H.M.S Surf served. Flaherty himself also worked briefly for the unit poetic, and developed broad contacts in the panic suspicion... Ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher films Officer the. Drafted the legisla-tion that created its National film Board 's ( Paris ), Summer 1972 his.... Film, motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment life... Transferred to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve this article requires! A large number of goods the most significant works produced during this time Housing. 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