why is miss marie called the maginot linewhy is miss marie called the maginot line

Her experience of unwanted sexual attention contrasts sharply with Pecolas rape experience, in which Pecolas father not only fails to protect her, but is the perpetrator himself. . You go around it. Frieda ran from the house to find her parents, who were in the garden, and told them what had happened. Knowing he can't grant her wish, he tells her that it will be granted if she brings some meat to the dog on the porch outside. Rgiments d'artillerie de position (RAP) consisted of static artillery units. The community knows. He rents from an old woman with a nasty, aging dog named Bob. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. "Bluest Eye Spring Summary and Analysis". The white woman for whom Pauline worked tries to deal with Pauline, telling her that she will give Pauline the money only if Pauline leaves Cholly. for a group? The British diplomat Sir Eric Phipps, who attended the conference, commented afterwards that: The London Conference was for the French 'man in the street' one long Calvary as he saw M. Herriot abandoning one by one the cherished possessions of French preponderance on the Reparations Commission, the right of sanctions in the event of German default, the economic occupation of the Ruhr, the French-Belgian railway Rgie, and finally, the military occupation of the Ruhr within a year. She invites the girls upstairs for a soda, but Frieda tells her that they are not allowed to visit her because she is "ruined." Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Stewart, Amber ed. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Both static and mobile artillery units were assigned to defend the Maginot Line. A decoy force sat opposite the line while a second Army Group cut through the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as through the Ardennes Forest, which lay north of the main French defences. [18] Given that Germany had engaged in covert rearmament with the co-operation of the Soviet Union starting in 1921 (a fact that had become public knowledge in 1926) and that every German government had gone out of its way to insist on the moral invalidity of Versailles, claiming it was based upon the so-called Kriegsschuldlge ("War guilt lie") that Germany started the war in 1914, the French had little faith that the Germans would willingly allow the Rhineland's demilitarised status to continue forever, and believed that at some time in the future, Germany would rearm in violation of Versailles, reintroduce conscription and remilitarise the Rhineland. By asking Frieda if she just sat there, Claudia displays her ignorance of the realities of male oppression of women. She then throws her root-beer bottle down at the girls' feet and laughs loudly, terrifying the girls, who run until they can't run any farther. [18], After 1918, the German economy was twice as large as that of France; Germany had a population of 70 million compared to France's 40 million, and the French economy was hobbled by the need to reconstruct the enormous damage of World War I, while German territory had seen little fighting. [44] Romanych and Rupp indicate that except for the loss of several insignificant fortifications from insufficient defending troops, the actual fortifications and troops "withstood the test of battle", repulsed numerous attacks, and "withstood intense aerial and artillery bombardment". Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The doctors dehumanize Pauline, and part of that dehumanization takes the form of refusing to look into her eyesbecause if they did, they would see her looking back at them, and encounter Pauline's undeniable humanness and her status as a subject (as opposed to purely an object). The serpent is the largest remaining artifact from World War II. In the following days, infantry divisions of the 1st Army attacked fortifications on each side of the penetration, capturing four petits ouvrages. Free trial is available to new customers only. [I] settled down to just being ugly.". 20% "Maginot Line" has acquired a secondary meaning: a defensive barrier or strategy that inspires a false sense of security, according to Merriam-Webster. Frieda's parents believe her without question, and their reaction is to protect their daughter. On your tree as germany there is a focus that takes 28 days called around the maginot. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. They also misinterpret Mrs. MacTeer's words and attempt to avert Frieda's "ruin," misunderstanding the words of adults. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. The Maginot Line was a series of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939. "[44], The psychological factor of the Maginot Line has also been discussed. Look up his videos for some good strategy. Discount, Discount Code After examining the conditions of Pauline's life, her misery seems a foregone conclusion. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. after World War 1, the French had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of Britain. It also had state-of-the-art living conditions for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort. How Hitler's Blitzkrieg Tactic Shocked the Allies in WWII. The Maginot Line was built to fulfil several purposes: Maginot Line fortifications were manned by specialist units of fortress infantry, artillery and engineers. Flood Zones were natural basins or rivers that could be flooded on demand and thus constitute an additional obstacle in the event of an enemy offensive. Consequently, the Germans invaded through the Low Countries in 1940, passing it to the north. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. These various structures reinforced a principal line of resistance made up of the most heavily armed ouvrages, which can be roughly translated as fortresses or big defensive works. A neighbor, Mr. Buford, arrived and gave Mr. MacTeer a gun. Struggling with distance learning? Pecola's lies demonstrate the insecurity she feels about herself, and her self-perceived ugliness. She seems to see herself as an aggressor, but she has also suffered in her life. The narrator of parts of the novel. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Bluest Eye. The final line was strongest around the industrial regions of Metz, Lauter and Alsace, while other areas were, in comparison, only weakly guarded. Safety Quarters were built near the major fortifications so fortress (ouvrage) crews could reach their battle stations in the shortest possible time in the event of a surprise attack during peacetime. Why does Maureen have a privilege status in the school community? "With the Maginot Line, Joffre's idea was to take these fortifications that France had had for 200 years and bring them into the mid-20th century," says Kirchubel. Read more about sexual initiation as a theme. At a conference in London in 1924 to settle the Franco-German crisis caused by the Ruhrkampf, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald successfully pressed the French Premier douard Herriot to make concessions to Germany. Renews March 8, 2023 While an understanding of the Line's creation is vital to any study of World War I, World War II, and the period in between, this knowledge is also helpful when interpreting a number of modern references. When the little white girl asks Mrs. Breedlove who the black girls were, Mrs. Breedlove assures her that she doesn't need to know: "Hush. A third-person omniscient narrator describes Cholly's life. Pauline's narrative is very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and rhythm of oral Black-American English. The lies about traveling with the prostitutes points to her desire to escape her abusive home and see the world. Built between 1930 and 1940, France 's Maginot Line was a massive system of defenses that became famous for failing to stop a German invasion. It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. [18] The French assumption was always that Germany would not go to war without conscription, which would allow the German Army to take advantage of the Reich's numerical superiority. When the Allied forces invaded in June 1944, the line, now held by German defenders, was again largely bypassed; fighting touched only portions of the fortifications near Metz and in northern Alsace towards the end of 1944. 5. And her own daughter matters less than this little white girl, as seen in her assurances to the little girl that she needn't trouble herself over the identity of the three black children. Static defensive positions were therefore intended not only to buy time but to economise on men by defending an area with fewer and less mobile forces. Cloches are non-retractable turrets. "Why the Massive Maginot Line Failed to Stop Hitler" The playground for whites only lets the girls know that they are in a place where they are not welcomed based purely on the color of their skin. During peacetime, fortresses were only partly manned by full-time troops. 7 turrets for mixed weapons + mortar of 50mm (2.0in). You can view our. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . LitCharts Teacher Editions. The World War II German invasion plan of 1940 (Sichelschnitt) was designed to deal with the line. The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Pecola is about to use a wagon to bring the wash back to the Breedlove storefront, and Mrs. Breedlove says that the MacTeer sisters can walk back with her. Why did the French build the line? Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old Black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. Claudia wonders, almost enviously, how being touched in this way feels, but Frieda rejects this questionwhat is important is not how she feels but what has been done to her and how her parents react. As the line was surrounded, the German Army attacked a few ouvrages from the rear but was unsuccessful in capturing any significant fortifications. Attacking on 10 May, German forces were well into France within five days and they continued to advance until 24 May, when they stopped near Dunkirk. Dave Roos Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. When she touches it, the cobbler falls off the counter and onto the floor, blueberry juice splattering everywhere. The family does not pay Pauline the last bit of money they owe her. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs [53] New York Times headlined "Maginot Line in the Sky" in 2000[54] and "A New Maginot Line" in 2001. The largest guns were, therefore 135mm (5.3in) fortress guns; larger weapons were to be part of the mobile forces and were to be deployed behind the lines. The Maginot Lines nickname comes from the bulky defensive fortifications built before World War II to protect the border of France from Germany. Two telephone wires were placed parallel to the line of fortifications, providing redundancy in case a wire gets cut. Don't worry none.". Just six weeks after Hitler began his land invasion of the country, France surrendered to Germany. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. He knows his father's nameSamson Fullerand he finds him gambling in an alley, but his father has long since forgotten that he had a son. [30] The entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action. | "The Maginot Line fit perfectly with this kind of thinking." Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. She treats the girls with some kindness, telling them that Pecola is with Mrs. Breedlove at the house where Mrs. Breedlove is a servant. "The French were beaten emotionally and spiritually," says Kirchubel. She becomes sole breadwinner while Sammy and Pecola are still young. The French strategy was already set in millions of cubic feet of concrete. Sometimes it can end up there. In 1940, France deployed about twice as many men, 36 divisions (roughly one third of its force), for the defence of the Maginot Line in Alsace and Lorraine. Still, the last French troops left the Rhineland in June 1930 in exchange for Germany accepting the Young Plan. Mr. Yacobowski The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. Pecola, not knowing that the meat is poisoned, brings it to the dog. [25] Besides the demographic reasons, a defensive strategy served the needs of French diplomacy towards Great Britain. French strategy, therefore, envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. By early June, the German forces had cut off the line from the rest of France, and the French government was making overtures for an armistice, which was signed on 22 June in Compigne. All these troops wore distinctive uniform insignia and considered themselves among the elite of the French Army. They argue had those troops been moved north, "it is possible that Heeresgruppe A's advance could have been blunted, giving time for Groupe d'armees 1 to reorganise". It was preceded by anti-tank obstacles made of metal rails planted vertically in six rows, with heights varying from 0.701.40 metres (2ft 4in 4ft 7in) and buried to a depth of 2m (6ft 7in). She is surprised to see them, and they ask her why she is not afraid of the Maginot Line. Mr. MacTeer chased Mr. Henry off, beating him first and then firing a gun at him. The guerre de longue dure strategy called for the French to halt the expected German offensive meant to give the Reich a swift victory; afterwards, there would be an attrition struggle; once the Germans were exhausted, France would begin an offensive to win the war. on 50-99 accounts. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. Principal line of resistance: This line began 10km (6mi) behind the border. Complete your free account to request a guide. Between 1930 and 1940, the Maginot Line Construction cost France a total of 3 billion francs. They say they aren't allowed to be around her. She has renounced her own black family for the family of her white employer. Cholly searches for father figuresfirst, in Blue Jack, and then in his biological father. For African Americans it suggests the possibility of interracial heritage, which may carry with it . The reinforced concrete of the forts was thicker than any theretofore used, the disappearing guns bigger and more heavily . Winston Churchill. | Sometimes it can end up there. Frieda is not given the chance to step gradually into her sexual identity; instead, this identity is forced upon her by an adult. An advancing German army would first be spotted by camouflaged observation points hugging the German border. He humiliates Cholly and turns his back on him, returning to his game of dice. It breaks and the girls run away, scared. Even as an adult, Mrs. Breedlove is inferior to the little white girl, as shown when the little girl calls her by the nickname "Polly." She asks where "Polly" is, something that infuriates Claudia because even Pecola calls her own mother "Mrs. He is capable of both tenderness and rage, but as the story unfolds, rage increasingly dominates. On 19 May, the German 16th Army captured the isolated petit ouvrage La Fert (south-east of Sedan) after conducting a deliberate assault by combat engineers backed up by heavy artillery, taking the fortifications in only four days. The houses are sturdier, literally because they are better constructed than the houses in the black section of town, and symbolically as the families that live in them are more stable than the black families in the story. Saltzman provided art director Syd Cain with a tour of the complex. What does the word "festers" mean? Born and raised in Georgia, Cholly is abandoned by his mother when four days old, and taken in by his Great Aunt Jimmy. One attack broke through a weak section of the line in the Vosges Mountains, but the French defenders stopped a second attack near Wissembourg. Belgium was overrun, and British and French forces evacuated at Dunkirk. For the girls, the beauty of the homes likewise signifies their worth and the worth of the people who live in them. To put this geography into perspective, Germany is not much bigger than the state of Wisconsin. While most of the giant underground fortresses of the Maginot Line were abandoned or destroyed, you can visit a few of them, still in working order. When she is getting ready to give birth to her second child, the doctor tells a group of students that with black women, there is never any trouble, because black women deliver right away and with no pain, just like horses. By the time the Germans crossed into French soil through Belgium, the fight was all but over. The moment where she loses her tooth in the movie theatre is painful: juxtaposing Pauline as an awkward, gap-toothed, pregnant black woman to the idealized (and illusory) image of Jean Harlow on the screen shows the power of these images to destroy a black woman's belief in her own beauty. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. Besides that, a few private houses are built atop some blockhouses.[34]. 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