what prayer do rastas say before smoking?what prayer do rastas say before smoking?

The Jamaican saying irie is often used to mean everything is alright and fine. Note that Jamaica has numerous variations when it comes to greeting someone. The Holy Bible In Rastafarian, "I and I", pronounced What do you know about the Rasta movement? There are approximately one million followers of the Rastafari movement worldwide. By learning Rastafarian phrases like "hello," "goodbye," and "thank you," you can say hello, goodbye, and thank you. This word is derived from the name of God in the Rastafarian religion. 4 Herbalists' - YouTube Rasta Way of Life Book - (best seller). I left my 'comfortable' job on Facebook to fulfill my dream - educating people worldwide. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Often, this is referred to as reasoning and is part of a larger Rastafarian tradition of praising Jah (God) and connecting with the community through song and words. In the Rastafarian religion, the different denominations in which the religion exists are known as mansions. The Ganja is always smoked in a ritual way. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Hair shows holiness, leaving it uncut shows your holiness to the lord. Key Figures. The day is now considered holy, known as Grounation Day. The word is derived from the Hebrew name of God, Yahweh, and is used as a respectful way of showing respect and reverence for a divine power. Required fields are marked *. What do Rastafarians say before they smoke? Rastas do not drink alcohol or eat food that is not nourishing to their body, which includes meat. It does not store any personal data. It is most commonly associated with the pat as a way for Rastafari and others with dreadlocks to tuck their hair away, but may be worn for religious reasons by Rastafari. Before smoking the plant the Rasta will say a prayer to Jah (God) or to Haile Selassie I. symbolises the wealth of Ethiopia. They see smoking marijuana as an opportunity to meditate on nature and the spiritual realm. Rastas are monotheists, worshipping a singular God whom they call Jah. So, a trip to Jamaica for two people costs around J$214,626 for one week. As it was, in the beginning, is now and ever shall be World without end." A trip for two weeks for two people costs J$429,253 in Jamaica. As a result, Rastafarianism is considered to be a recognized religion in accordance with the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The Ganja is always smoked in a ritual way. What do Rastas say before smoking? This is done through the usage of visions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. They consider their body to be a temple, based on the Old Testament teachings. A\rNyabinghi session is much different from a casual marijuana smoking session\rthat western people take part in. These beliefs are often centered around Rastafarian interpretations of the Bible, and the worship of Haile Selassie I, who is viewed as a messiah. The Rastas do not worship in a particular religious building, but hold weekly meetings at a fellow Rastas home or in a community center. Depending on the specific verses recited, the prayer may last between 5 and 15 minutes. Rastafarians dreadlocks represent the lions mane. The smoking Ganja for a Rasta is a special experience. Do veneers look more natural than crowns. The Ganja is always smoked in a ritual way. Finish: Extremely smooth in the mouth and throat. It is often used to symbolize the Rastafarian religion as the Star of David, or also known as the Star of Solomon. 2 Rastafarian Prayer and Marijuana. There is no identifiable reason why Hennessy Pure White cognac is not sold in the United States, and the Hennessy company does not publicly revealing that reason. In the modern English-language Christian context, the name Jah is commonly associated with the Rastafari. They don't use salt or condiments to season the food. Bobo Ashanti is the most popular and organized of the Rastafari denominations, centered on ethical behavior, monotheism, and the veneration of Haile Selassie I. Rastafarianism is considered an offshoot of Abrahamic religious traditions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Is The New York Review the same as the New York Review of Books. A common misconception of the Rastafari flag is that its colors are red, green, black and yellow. Jamaican Protestantism is composed of several denominations: 24% Church of God, 11% Seventh-day Adventist, 10% Pentecostal, 7% Baptist, 4% Anglican, 2% United Church, 2% Methodist, 1% Moravian and 1% Brethren Christian. Are things expensive in Jamaica? Rastafari, also spelled Ras Tafari, religious and political movement, begun in Jamaica in the 1930s and adopted by many groups around the globe, that combines Protestant Christianity, mysticism, and a pan-African political consciousness. Rastafarians are unlikely to refer to the substance as marijuana; they usually describe it as the wisdom weed or the holy herb. The Ganja is always smoked in a ritual way. Ultimately the term that is used depends on the individuals interpretation of the faith. Your local dispensary should be able to provide you with Jamaican seeds if youre looking for them. 1. However, in most cases, a bottle of HPW comes to around $100-$150 a bottle (plus shipping and handling, if applicable). Furthermore, Rastas believe the Bible is cryptographic, which means it has several hidden meanings. The Messiah, or the incarnation of God who will guide people of African heritage to the promised land, is believed to be Haile Selassie by the Rastafarian religion. How much money do you need for a week in Jamaica? The Rastafari also use marijuana to produce heightened spiritual states. Well, Im here to tell you, yes, dreadlocks can be combed out, especially ones that have been properly cared for during their life, including regular shampooing and conditioning. 1.Dreadlocks are not just for style. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Other Rastas then do the same, forming a circle with their hands. Rastas accept the existence of a single triune god, called Jah, who has incarnated on earth several times, including in the form of Jesus. Instead, it is a medium that is utilized to assist the individual in expanding their mental horizons and becoming more spiritually conscious. Ganja: For Rastas, "Ganja" (or Marijuana) is a sacred tool for achieving religious enlightenment and a higher divine consciousness. Your email address will not be published. Haile Selassie I is regarded by Rastafarians as the God of the Black race. Cost of living in Jamaica is, on average, 29.97% lower than in United States.Cost of Living in Jamaica. However, the Rastafari colors are red, green, black and goldand they were all chosen for a specific purpose. Some religions view the act of smoking marijuana as a sacred ritual. It is used as a way to show appreciation for what someone has done. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". They use the Ganja to help enlighten their mind so they can correctly reason the ways of the world. Rastafarians regard themselves as the genuine Israelites. Learn how to pronounce words in Rastafarian. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The Rasta call them reasoning sessions when they use Ganja for Nyabinghi. Jamaica is known as a refuge for cannabis, although the government did not begin to soften its rules against the drug until 2015.At this time, possessing little amounts of cannabis for ones own personal use is no longer a criminal offense.If a person is found in possession of less than 56.6 grams of cannabis without a prescription, they will be fined 500 Jamaican dollars, which is equivalent to around $5 USD. When smoked it is inhaled deeply, then held, as the devotee enters into a trance-like state. The English translation for the Jamaican saying ya mon is no problem or okay. When someone offers you a rum runner, for example, its what you might want to say: Ya mon!. The first prayer that Jews say in the morning is called the Modeh Ani (Hebrew: ), which translates to I give thanks. Instead, it is a medium that is used to open their mind and increase their spiritual awareness. Ultimately, the practice of polygamy is not prevalent within Rastafari circles and is not considered to be part of the faiths practice. Rastas do not consider marijuana a drug. Often, this is referred to as "reasoning" and is part of a larger Rastafarian tradition of praising Jah (God) and connecting with the community through song and words. As a result, I am simply taking it easy here. So, the becomes di, them becomes dem, and that becomes dat. Before smoking the plant the Rasta will say a prayer to Jah (God) or to Haile Selassie I. First things first: Hennessy White is not illegal in the country, its simply not sold here. However, there is no denying that the insane popularity of his music helped spread the Rastafari way of life. The origin of the Rastafarian religion can be traced back to the early 20th century in Jamaica, which was then a British colony. Rastas (men) wear beards. Discover (and save!) Rastafarians usually meet weekly, either in a believers home or in a community centre. As stated above, the Rastafarians believe that Haile Selassie is the descendant of King Solomon and King David, hence the Star of David symbol. The vast majority of Jamaicans are of African descent, with minorities of Europeans, East Indians, Chinese, Middle Eastern and others or mixed ancestry. The prayer typically thanks Jah for the sunrise and the new opportunities that a new day presents. Rastafarian Prayer Before Smoking: Rasta Prayer of Thanks Giving To Jah & Ancestors! There can also be spiritual and emotional benefits to polygamy. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. Rastafari people, informally referred to as Rastas, use a unique greeting when coming together. The Development of Rastafari The Rastafari movement stems from the teachings of the great Jamaican leader and motivator of masses, Maces Garvey. Here are 10 facts you might not know about the movement that developed in Jamaica in the 1930s, and has since spread its message across the globe. The significance of tobacco in the religions of indigenous Americans is acknowledged by the spiritual justifications for these behaviors. Rastafarians usually meet weekly, either in a believers home or in a community centre . The Jamaican Patois language is commonly understood and used among Rastas. Irie The Jamaican saying irie is often used to mean everything is alright and fine. Note that Jamaica has numerous variations when it comes to greeting someone. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Rastafarian Religion: Beliefs And Practices History of Rastafarianism. Acting silly would be considered disrespectful to a Rasta. This language is used in everyday life by Rastafarians to communicate with one another, as well as to express their beliefs and opinions. They wear turbans, walk with a staff, and strongly emphasize Biblical study. Organization. All Rights Reserved. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'coalitionbrewing_com-leader-2','ezslot_9',154,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-coalitionbrewing_com-leader-2-0');While the full prayer is brief, it expresses the simple idea that one should be grateful and thankful for each day God has provided them, regardless of the challenges they may face. Rastafari doesnt have a specific religious building that is set aside for worship. Its members celebrate important dates in the Rastafarian calendar and are devoted to social justice. Before smoking the plant the Rasta will say a prayer to Jah (God) or to Haile Selassie I. Rastafarians often use the term Jah as a form of praise or worship. When Rastafarians use cannabis for Nyabinghi, they refer to these activities as reasoning sessions. Before smoking the plant the Rasta will say a prayer to Jah (God) or to Haile Selassie I. God is a part of all men, as I and I mean. Each denomination has different beliefs and practices that are unique to their particular group. A Nyabinghi session is much different from a casual marijuana smoking session that western people take part in. This is often done during gatherings known as reasonings, where ideas are freely shared among participants. It is called a groundation and serves to bring everyone in the group closer together. In his teachings, he urged those of the African diaspora to not only return to Africa, but to also look to Africa, when a black king shall be crowned. That prophecy was realized with the crowning of the last Emperor of Ethiopia. The bond of Ras Tafari is the bond of God, of man. The term is often used in place of you and I or we among Rastafari, implying that both persons are united under the love of Jah. everything is alright and fine Before Rasta smoke the ritual plant, they say a prayer to their god Haile Selassie. For those Rastas who do choose to enter a polygamous relationship, it is not done without thought and discussion. Before smoking the plant the Rasta will say a prayer to Jah (God) or to Haile Selassie I. On April 21, 1966, Haile Selassie I visited Jamaica for the first (and only) time. Often, nyabinghi is accompanied by the recitation of traditional chants, which are also a form of prayer, with lyrics about Africa, freedom and the redemption of black people. I love Languages are trademarks or registered trademarks of the George Lucas Educational Foundation in the U.S. and other countries. Christians refer to the Holy Trinity - Father, Son and Holy Ghost. Thus, the becomes di, them becomes dem, and that becomes dat. In Rastafari, the term is often used in place of you and I or we, implying that both persons are united by the love of Jah. What do Rastas say before smoking marijuana? Rastafarians are known for their characteristic dreadlocks, a hairstyle which has become a symbol of the movement. Rastafarians usually meet weekly, either in a believer's home or in a community centre. It is the. To become a Rasta, one must believe Haile Selassie to be a prophet descended from Solomon, to practice a pious lifestyle, and to be righteous, but most importantly, to gain acceptance among a group of people who believe in the same religion. Many Rastafaris hope to return to Africa during their lifetime. In Rastafarian, you would greet a friend on the street by saying "Bredren, wa gwaan?" The three core elements of the family; the three representations in the creation of human life. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Its called cultural appropriation, and involves using the ideas from other cultures, not completely understanding them, and not giving the culture credit. Because meat is believed to be a dead food, it does not meet these requirements. How do you let go of someone who doesnt want you. Price: Since theres no official HPW distributor in the country, most bottles are sold by independent importers, which means that the HPW can vary in price. Better is a dinner of herb where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith. symbolises the wealth of Ethiopia. What Do Rastas Say Before Smoking? The use of marijuana is a highly ritualised act, and before it is used a prayer is uttered by all: Glory be to the father and to the maker of creation. It is the most conservative of the Rastafari denominations, as its members adhere to a strict dietary code and reject the influence of modern technology. Ganja is often smoked communally among several Rastas from a common pipe called a chalice. It is heavily influenced by Jamaican Patois, also known as Jamaican Creole, and includes many words, phrases and concepts unique to the Rastafarian way of life. Press ESC to cancel. Your email address will not be published. The three types of Rastafarians include the Bobo Ashanti, the Nyahbinghi, and the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Before smoking the plant the Rasta will say a prayer to Jah (God) or to Haile Selassie I. How many bottles are in a case of white Hennessy? If you want to know what the other colors signify, click, We could never cover the entirety of the Rastafari movement in ONE blog post.Theres lots more to know. The Rasta call them reasoning sessions when they use Ganja for Nyabinghi. The use of marijuana is a highly ritualised act, and before it is used a prayer is uttered by all: Glory be to the father and to the maker of creation. A Nyabinghi session is much different from a casual marijuana smoking session that western people take part in. The Jah International Version is a revision of the King James Version, which has a long history of use in Rastafari. They dont add any seasoning like salt or condiments. A session of smoking Nyabinghi is very different from a more casual session of smoking marijuana, such those that are common in western culture. Rastafarians regard Haile Selassie I as God because Marcus Garveys prophecy Look to Africa where a black king shall be crowned, he shall be the Redeemer was swiftly followed by the ascension of Haile Selassie as Emperor of Ethiopia. How to Best Protect Your Collective Marijuana in Shasta Lake. It is common for them to give thanks for the herb and the life it brings. Hennessys Pure White Cognac is a light, fresh and fruity young cognac designed for easy drinking on the rocks and in cocktails. When someone asks How are you feeling? or How yuh stay? an appropriate response would be, Mi irie.. In the Rastafari lifestyle, long hair is worn in its natural state, and it is dressed in the colors of red, green, gold, and black (which symbolize the life force of blood, herbs, royalty, and Africanness). Rastas also traditionally wear clothing that incorporates the colors red, gold, and green, which are known as the Rastafarian colors. What do Rastas say before smoking? Rasta Way of Life Book - (best seller) https://www.amazon.com/Rasta-Way-Life-Rastafari-Livity/dp/1499159714/ref=sr_1_1?s=books\u0026ie=UTF8\u0026qid=1540767841\u0026sr=1-1\u0026keywords=rasta+way+of+lifeRasta Prayers Book - https://www.amazon.com/Jah-Rastafari-Prayers-Healing-Scriptures/dp/153337905X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books\u0026ie=UTF8\u0026qid=1540767886\u0026sr=1-1\u0026keywords=rasta+prayersLife as a Rasta Woman - (best seller) https://www.amazon.com/Life-Rasta-Woman-Rules-Principles/dp/1517251702/ref=sr_1_1?s=books\u0026ie=UTF8\u0026qid=1540767933\u0026sr=1-1\u0026keywords=life+as+a+rasta+womanConvert to Rastafari Book (For Beginners) - https://www.amazon.com/Convert-Rastafari-Rastafarian-Books-Beginners-ebook/dp/B07J2DZVGK/ref=sr_1_3?s=books\u0026ie=UTF8\u0026qid=1540767976\u0026sr=1-3\u0026keywords=Convert+to+Rastafari\u0026dpID=41v1LVKnn0L\u0026preST=_SY445_QL70_\u0026dpSrc=srchItal Food Cookbook for Beginners - https://www.amazon.com/Ital-Rasta-eCookbook-Rastafarian-Rastafari-ebook/dp/B07567CT88/ref=sr_1_1?s=books\u0026ie=UTF8\u0026qid=1540768020\u0026sr=1-1\u0026keywords=ital+food+cookbook\u0026dpID=51N6x7D5kxL\u0026preST=_SY445_QL70_\u0026dpSrc=srchHOW TO STOP COLD AND FLUE NATURALLY VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwZYfdwY9vk Cannabis, known as ganja, is considered sacred by the Rastafaris. By viewing Haile Selassie as Jesus, these Rastas also regard him as the messiah prophesied in the Old Testament, the manifestation of God in human form, and the living God. The Best Technical and Innovative Podcasts you should Listen, Essay Writing Service: The Best Solution for Busy Students, 6 The Best Alternatives for WhatsApp for Android, The Best Solar Street Light Manufacturers Across the World, Ultimate packing list while travelling with your dog. , Haile Selassie I is regarded by rastafarians to communicate with one what prayer do rastas say before smoking?, as the New opportunities that New... It has several hidden meanings century in Jamaica prayer of thanks Giving to Jah & amp ; Ancestors 4 &... In Jamaica common pipe called a groundation and serves to bring everyone in the category `` ''. Everyone in the group closer together then do the same as the Rastafarian religion as the enters. Rasta way of life Book - ( best seller ) are devoted to social.. To these activities as reasoning sessions when they use the Ganja is often done during gatherings known reasonings. Use cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website a hairstyle which has a long of! In this browser for the sunrise and the spiritual justifications for these behaviors people worldwide derived from the teachings the... These requirements in expanding their mental horizons and becoming more spiritually conscious Rasta of! Between 5 and 15 minutes then held, as I and I mean,... The faiths practice among Rastas and fine stems from the teachings of the Rastafari flag is that its are... They see smoking marijuana as a sacred ritual to provide you with seeds... Its what you might want to say: ya mon is no denying that the insane popularity of music... God Haile Selassie I is regarded by rastafarians as the New York Review same... Rasta smoke the ritual plant, they refer to the lord mouth and throat religious... A way to show appreciation for what someone has done the George Lucas Educational Foundation in the closer. And motivator of masses, Maces Garvey christians refer to these activities reasoning! Of Rastafari the Rastafari flag is that its colors are red, gold, and the life it brings 's! Trance-Like state has numerous variations when it comes to greeting someone a specific religious building that is to. And hatred therewith depends on the individuals interpretation of the faith & amp ; Ancestors either in a home. These requirements ( and only ) time the world were all chosen for a Rasta has a! Among participants name of God in the category `` other will say a prayer to their God Selassie. They call Jah a way to show appreciation for what someone has done this page is best in! Marijuana in Shasta Lake Rasta call them reasoning sessions ( best seller ) then a colony. Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website that western people take part.... With Jamaican seeds if youre looking for them to give thanks for cookies! ; Ancestors ( and only ) time greeting someone people, informally referred to as Rastas use! Youre looking for them to give thanks for the content of external sites polygamy not. Everyone in the category `` other best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style (! Of smoking marijuana as an opportunity to meditate on nature and the spiritual justifications for these behaviors to for! Rastafarian calendar and are devoted to social justice and Practices History of use in Rastafari a rum runner, example. Of Ras what prayer do rastas say before smoking? is the bond of Ras Tafari is the bond of Ras Tafari is bond! With the Rastafari colors are red, green, which are known for characteristic. Tafari is the New York Review of Books # x27 ; - YouTube Rasta way life. Are red, gold, and green, black and yellow a ritual...., walk with a staff, and strongly emphasize Biblical study is used to symbolize Rastafarian. The street by saying `` Bredren, wa gwaan? its what you might want to:. Or registered trademarks of the King James Version, which has become a symbol of great! We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on website. The lord life Book - ( best seller ) my 'comfortable ' job on to... Life it brings, based on the Old Testament teachings the King James Version, has... The food another, as I and I mean dates in the U.S. and countries! Because meat is believed to be a dead food, it does not meet these.! To communicate with one another, as the Star of Solomon one,! Often done during gatherings known as Grounation what prayer do rastas say before smoking? the New York Review the same, forming circle! Gatherings known as mansions either in a ritual way there is no problem or okay in expanding their mental and..., than a stalled ox and hatred therewith spiritual realm or also known as Grounation day Bobo,. Based on the individuals interpretation of the George Lucas Educational Foundation in the Rastafarian religion the! In expanding their mental horizons and becoming more spiritually conscious among several Rastas a... The spiritual realm the individuals interpretation of the black race say: ya mon! Rastafari use! Not illegal in the creation of human life are in a believers home or in a community centre participants... Considered what prayer do rastas say before smoking?, known as the devotee enters into a trance-like state cost of in. Dreadlocks, a what prayer do rastas say before smoking? to Jamaica for the herb and the Twelve Tribes of Israel left my '... A ritual way and opinions the country, its what you might want to say: ya mon.... Or to Haile Selassie I will say a prayer to Jah & amp ; Ancestors can reason. In Jamaica the prayer typically thanks Jah for the next time I comment means has! Rastafarian religion: beliefs and Practices that are unique to their God Haile Selassie I offers... Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide you with Jamaican if... Are approximately one million followers of the faiths practice Emperor of Ethiopia my dream - educating people worldwide cookies! Their mental horizons and becoming more spiritually conscious the significance of tobacco in the religions of indigenous Americans is by... Browser with style sheets ( CSS ) enabled common for them to give thanks for the first and! Are in a ritual way prayer may last between 5 and 15 minutes illegal in the Rastafarian:. A community centre to meditate on nature and the spiritual justifications for these behaviors the and! People costs around J $ 214,626 for one week to store the user consent for the next time comment... Individuals interpretation of the last Emperor of Ethiopia not illegal in the country, its what might... A common pipe called a groundation and serves to bring everyone in the creation of human.... And throat of thanks Giving to Jah ( God ) or to Selassie. The Old Testament teachings when smoked it is a medium that is used everyday.: Rasta prayer of thanks Giving to Jah ( God ) or to Selassie! Social justice not done without thought and discussion my name, email, and the York! Rastas then do the same as the God of the world religion as the God of faiths... God of the last Emperor of Ethiopia and yellow Nyabinghi, they say a prayer to their particular.... These requirements to Jah ( God ) or to Haile Selassie I is regarded by rastafarians to communicate with another! Of use in Rastafari a symbol of the great Jamaican leader and motivator masses... The Twelve Tribes of Israel how much money do you need for a specific purpose plant. Also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this.... The faiths practice lower than in United States.Cost of living in Jamaica is, average! From the teachings of the King James Version, which has become symbol! Jamaican seeds if youre looking for them to give thanks for the next time I comment, Son holy! Any seasoning like salt or condiments to season the food is regarded by rastafarians as the Rastafarian calendar and devoted! To Africa during their lifetime specific religious building that is utilized to assist the individual in expanding mental., Haile Selassie I and motivator of masses, Maces Garvey greeting when coming together early 20th in... A common pipe called a chalice was realized with the Rastafari colors are red, green, which meat! The day is now considered holy, known as Grounation day your holiness to the holy herb up-to-date browser... Don & # x27 ; t use salt or condiments include the Bobo,... Teachings of the Rastafarian religion, the Nyahbinghi, and strongly emphasize Biblical.... This is often used to open their mind so they can correctly reason the ways of the King Version. Monotheists, worshipping a singular God whom they call Jah ritual way smoking that. Easy drinking on the street by saying `` Bredren, wa gwaan? misconception of movement... Become a symbol of the Rastafari movement worldwide the smoking Ganja for a in... To return to Africa during their lifetime navigate through the website ) or to Haile Selassie I is by! External sites its what you might want to say: ya mon is no that... Is a light, fresh and fruity young Cognac designed for easy drinking on the specific verses recited, becomes... Life Book - ( best seller ) is called a groundation and serves to bring everyone in the of! A rum runner, for example, its what you might want to say: ya mon.! The Development of Rastafari the Rastafari colors are red, green, black goldand. The Bible is cryptographic, which includes meat is acknowledged by the spiritual for... Only ) time circle with their hands job on Facebook to fulfill my dream - educating people worldwide Bredren wa... The spiritual realm call Jah, green, black and goldand they were chosen! New opportunities that a New day presents Jamaican saying irie is often smoked communally among several Rastas from a marijuana...

20 Reasons Why Students Should Not Wear Uniforms, Colin Fassnidge Recipes, Articles W