[77], Early bridges were vulnerable to floods, and in 1309 many bridges were washed away or damaged by severe winter floods, including Hethbeth Bridge. Together these contain the majority of the 6 million people who live in the catchment.[29]. Due to the size of the flood and the ice entrained in the flow, nearly every bridge along the Trent was badly damaged or washed away. [95], During the early 1930s, the company considered enlarging the navigation above Nottingham, in conjunction with improvements to the River Soar Navigation, between Trent Lock and Leicester. In a new channel, fair and evenly; the river flowed over major road routes. Beneath the alluvium are widespread deposits of sand and gravel, which also occur as gravel terraces considerably above the height of the current river level. [183][184], The Trent Valley Way created in 1998 as a long-distance footpath, enables walkers to enjoy the combined attractions of the rivers rich natural heritage and its history as an inland navigation. Wading birds such as Eurasian oystercatcher and great bittern have also been observed at the reserve; as have kingfishers, reed warblers and water rails. Intensive arable farming of cereals and root vegetables, chiefly potatoes and sugar beet occurs in the lowland areas, such as the Vale of Belvoir and the lower reaches of the Trent, Torne and Idle. And here the smug and silver Trent shall run I received this morning a letter from the secretary of a Burton rowing club. Although not quite as large as 1795 this flood devastated many places along the river, at Burton upon Trent much of the town was inundated, with flooded streets and houses, and dead animals floating past in the flood. The changes were helped by the introduction of more stringent pollution control legislation, which required industrial waste to be discharged to sewers, and the formation of the Trent River Authority, which had new duties relating to managing water quality issues. A vestige of the saline marshes created by the brine springs that seep from the groundwater of the Mercia mudstones, the reserve contains salt tolerant species normally found on the coast, such as sea plantain, arrowgrass and milkwort. At Drakelow upstream of Burton the flow increases nearly three-fold to 36.1m3/s (1,270cuft/s), due to the additional inflow from the largest tributary the Tame. [78][79] In Nottingham, residents of Narrow Marsh were trapped by the floodwaters in their first floor rooms, boats were used to take supplies to those stranded. Agreement could not be reached, and so William Jessop was asked to re-assess the situation. The most recent occurrence involved the Celtic Endeavour being aground near Gunness for ten days, finally being lifted off by a high tide.[102][103][104]. [91], Users of the Trent and Mersey Canal, the Loughborough Canal and the Erewash Canal next demanded major improvements to the river down to Gainsborough, including new cuts, locks, dredging and a towing path suitable for horses. William Jessop performed the survey, assisted by Robert Whitworth, and they published their report on 8 July 1793. The last act of the directors was to pay a 7.5 per cent dividend on the shares in 1950. The lower Bann flows northward through Lough Beg and carries the waters of Lough Neagh to the sea below Coleraine. These fording points only allowed passage across the river when water levels were low; when the river was in flood a long detour could be required. Students in Alberta will be the first to experience the online grazing simulation game which focuses on the ecosystem services provided by raising cattle on grasslands. [91], At the beginning of the 1790s, the Navigation faced calls for a bypass of the river at Nottingham, where the passage past Trent Bridge was dangerous, and the threat of a canal running parallel to the river, which was proposed by the Erewash and the Trent and Mersey Canal companies. A plan to build six locks between Cromwell and Holme, and to dredge this section to ensure it was 60 feet (18m) wide and 5 feet (1.5m) deep was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. And cuts me from the best of all my land [177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. [177], In downstream order, the power stations that continue to use, or have used the river as their source of cooling water are: Meaford, Rugeley, Drakelow, Willington, Castle Donington, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Wilford, Staythorpe, High Marnham, Cottam, West Burton and Keadby. Nottingham Corporation invested some 450,000 on building the locks authorised by the 1906 Act, starting with Holme lock on 28 September 1921, and finishing with Hazelford lock, which was formally opened by Neville Chamberlain on 25 June 1926. River levels dropped when the floodbank at Morton breached, resulting in the flooding of some 78sqmi (200km2; 50,000 acres) of farmland in the Trent valley. At Stoke-on-Trent in the upper reaches, the average flow is only 0.6m3/s (21cuft/s), which increases considerably to 4.4m3/s (160cuft/s), at Great Haywood, as it includes the flow of the upper tributaries draining the Potteries conurbation. The River Tamar is situated in south west England and forms a natural border between the counties of Devon and Cornwall. It also includes the green spaces and gardens of . [89], In 1748, merchants from Nottingham attempted to end this monopoly by landing goods on the banks and into carts, but Fosbrooke used his ferry rope to block the river, and then created a bridge by mooring boats across the channel, and employing men to defend them. [154] by anglers, who would travel from South Yorkshire and other surrounding areas, to fish the Trent as their local rivers still remained badly polluted and were absent of fish. Archaeologists have recently discovered phenomenal site in Torksey, on the north bank of the River Trent, that has yielded tens of thousands of metal finds over the years. Due to the relatively small size of the Trent and its tributaries such as the Fowlea Brook, which drained these towns, the river and brooks were unable to dilute the inflow of domestic sewage and soon became overwhelmed and badly polluted. [11], Downstream of Nottingham it passes Radcliffe on Trent, Stoke Bardolph and Burton Joyce before reaching Gunthorpe with its bridge, lock and weir. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. Downstream, the inflow of cleaner water from the Dove and then the Derwent meant that conditions improved enough to allow recreational coarse fishing in the lower reaches. [182], Along with other major rivers in the Midlands, the Trent is widely used for recreational activities, both on the water and along its riverbanks. [122] The responsibility for sewage treatment works still belonged primarily to local authorities, which often meant an uncoordinated approach and a proliferation of small works. Downstream of the town the villages are often named in pairs, representing the fact that they were once linked by a river ferry between the two settlements. This combination can produce a water-logged catchment that can respond rapidly in terms of runoff, to any additional rainfall. [112][124], By 2004, it was reported that the Trent was cleaner than it had been in the last 7080 years, and that episodic incidents of pollution had also reduced considerably since the 1970s. At least one other medieval attempt was made to bridge the Trent near Wilden at Hemington, but this was gone long before the end of the Middle Ages. [156] Competition from other fisheries such as well stocked ponds and lakes with better amenities and more consistent catches of fish also meant a reduction in the appeal of fishing the Trent. that reckoning how these tracts in compasse be extent, Sir Ernest Jardine, who as vice-chairman had partly funded the first lock at Cromwell in 1908, died in 1947, and the company ceased to exist in 1948 when the waterways were nationalised. [174][175] [138][139][140][141], The Trent valley also links together other SSSI and local nature reserves, which have varying habitats not only for birds, but also mammals, insects and fish, a good example is the tributary River Mease where the entire watercourse has been designated both as a SSSI and a European special area of conservation. The last point of measurement is North Muskham here the average flow is 88.4m3/s (3,120cuft/s), a relatively small increase due to the input of the Devon, and other smaller Nottinghamshire tributaries. In 1974, these works were transferred to the regional water authorities, with the Severn Trent Water Authority taking over the role for the Trent catchment. The Trent Aegir tidal bore. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. Key information about Oxford, Royal Windsor, London and Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the River Thames. [132][135] One of the most important of these is Attenborough Nature Reserve, a 226-hectare (560-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) which is visited by wildfowl such as Eurasian wigeon and common teal. The central arches of the medieval Swarkestone bridge were knocked out by the great flood of 1795 and rebuilt, but the bridge's more rural location allowed large portions of the medieval bridge to survive and remain in use today. [94], The aim of the improvements was to increase the minimum depth from 2 feet (0.6m) to 3 feet (0.9m). The suburbs of Long Eaton, West Bridgford and Beeston all suffered particularly badly. The National Watersports Centre at Holme Pierrepont, near Nottingham combines facilities for many of these sports, including rowing, sailing and whitewater canoeing. It is then joined by other small streams to form the Head of Trent, which flows south, to the only reservoir along its course at Knypersley. [172][173], The toll bridges were mostly bought out by the county councils in the 19th century following government reforms, one of the earliest being Willington in 1898, the first toll free crossing was marked by a procession across the bridge and a day of celebration. "The Duke of Sutherland and River Trent Pollution", "Cyanide sparks River Trent pollution probe", "Anglian Water's 44m reservoir scheme in Newton-on-Trent nears completion", "Wildlife Sightings at Attenborough Sightings for February 2010", "Little Egrets breed in Nottinghamshire for first time", "Photographer captures otter at Nottinghamshire reserve", "Grey seal caught on camera in the River Trent", "An itinerary of Nottingham: Trent Bridge", "Changes in the species composition of anglers' catches in the River Trent (England) between 1969 and 1984", "The disappearing roach: River Trent is too clean for its fish", "The value and performance of large river recreational fisheries", "To stock fry and parr into the River Dove", "Anglers first salmon is also a river trent record", "Bridges: Past & Future. In quantity equals not one of yours: Navigation lights and a proper anchor and cable are compulsory. [100][101] [116], Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the main source of pollution continued to be the Potteries, although there was contamination from the Tame and other lower tributaries it was not as prominent. It flows through the bustling city of Nottingham, the market town of Newark and the rural Trent Vale. [56] After this confluence, the river turns north-east and is joined by the Soar before reaching the outskirts of Nottingham, where it is joined by the Erewash near the Attenborough nature reserve and enters Nottinghamshire. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Stoke-on-Trent Stone Rugeley Lichfield Burton upon Trent Castle Donington Derby Long Eaton Beeston Nottingham Newark-on-Trent Rampton Dunham Bridge - A57 Swing Toll bridge Gainsborough Gunness Scunthorpe Read more about this topic: River Trent Famous quotes containing the word places: Restrictions on size mean that the largest vessels that can be accommodated are 100m (330ft) long and 4,500 tonnes. However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. River Trent through Nottingham. It was a Viking winter camp. At this point, between Alkborough and Faxfleet the river reaches the boundary with Yorkshire and joins the River Ouse to form the Humber which flows into the North Sea.[11]. There are other big events each year like the Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Races . See answer (1) Copy. Others trips run from Newark castle, and two converted barges; the Newark Crusader and Nottingham Crusader, provide river cruises for disabled people via the St John Ambulance Waterwing scheme. There is thought to be a complex succession of at least six separate gravel terrace systems along the river, deposited when a much larger Trent flowed through the existing valley, and along its ancestral routes through the water gaps at Lincoln and Ancaster. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. It flows through and drains most of the metropolitan central and northern Midlands south and east of its source north of Stoke-on-Trent. The flood defences in Nottingham that protect 16,000 homes and those in Burton where they prevent 7,000 properties from flooding were reassessed after this flood, and were subsequently improved between 2006 and 2012.[84][88]. [11][12], It then reaches the town of Gainsborough with its own Trent Bridge. It shall not wind with such a deep indent, [115], The Tame pollution also reached the Trent as well, with one of the worse affected reaches being that downstream of the confluence with the Tame through Burton, this being exacerbated by its late introduction of sewage treatment, and the substantial wastewater arising from the breweries in the town. Amie Peck, manager of public and stakeholder engagement with the Canadian Cattle Association says they had . Other changes, such as the replacement of town gas with natural gas, saw the end of the polluting and toxic coal tar emissions to rivers in 1963. [115], The economic recession in the 1970s meant that there was a considerable contraction of heavy industrial sectors, reducing pollution loadings from factories and foundries. 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