[80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. He was the second of the couple's six children. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. [45] He then distinguished himself in both Battles of Saratoga, even though General Gates removed him from field command after the first battle, following a series of escalating disagreements and disputes that culminated in a shouting match. [44], Arnold returned to the Hudson where General Gates had taken over command of the American army, which had retreated to a camp south of Stillwater. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. [89] Eventually, a meeting was set for September 11 near Dobb's Ferry. Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army to the British when he made secret overtures to British headquarters in May 1779 and, a year later, informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. Together, they won the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga, America's first victory in the Revolutionary War. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17751776, Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17771779, A Proclamation to the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army, "The Crypt Center Church on the Green New Haven, CT", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200008, "Independence National Historical Park: History of the President's House", "The Culper Spy Ring American Revolution", "Loyal American Regiment Historical Treks", "Native Norwich Is Ignoring Benedict Arnold", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath Of Treason", Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7, "In Commemoration of Arnold's Expedition to Quebec", "Letter: Some recognize Gen. Arnold as true hero of the Revolutionary War", "By Brigadier-General Arnold, A proclamation to the officers and soldiers of the Continental army who have the real interest of their country at heart, and who are determined to be no longer the tools and dupes of Congress, or France [Signed]", "Netflix's America: The Motion Picture fails at just about everything", "Netflix's 'America: The Motion Picture' knows who its audience is. [83], Andr returned victorious from the Siege of Charleston on June 18, and both he and Clinton were immediately caught up in this news. William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. It was General Arnold. They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. In 1764, he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock, another young New Haven merchant. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. In a July 11 letter, he complained that the British did not appear to trust him, and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made. The most famous of these occurred on May 10, 1775, when Ethan Allen and his band of Green Mountain Boys, accompanied by Benedict Arnold, who held a commission from . He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. Washington refused his resignation and ordered him north to assist with the defense there. He was named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold who was once governor of the colony of Connecticut. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. Benedict Arnold served in the Connecticut militia and participated in the Siege of Boston. Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775). (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) [126] As a result of a clerical error in the parish records, his remains were removed to an unmarked mass grave during church renovations a century later. [91][92] This action did little damage besides giving the captain, Andrew Sutherland, a splinter in his nosebut the splinter prompted the Vulture to retreat,[93] forcing Andr to return to New York overland. Historians have identified many possible factors contributing to Arnold's treason, while some debate their relative importance. He dared not tell me his name. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. He also peppered Washington with complaints about the lack of supplies, writing, "Everything is wanting. [11], Arnold was very close to his mother, who died in 1759. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. Once the former Revolutionary War hero . [142] His descendants are spread across Canada, most of all those of John Sage, who adopted the Arnold surname. In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . Samuel Spring carried him to the makeshift hospital at the Htel Dieu. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. [50] There he participated in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, along with many other soldiers, as a sign of loyalty to the United States.[51]. Arnold's name had become synonymous with the word traitor. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. He also began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and suggested to Arnold that he pursue another high-level command. "[115], In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, where they speculated in land and established a business doing trade with the West Indies. This long after he lived, it would probably be impossible to know whether Benedict Arnold liked or disliked any particular food. His father's alcoholism worsened after her death, and the youth took on the responsibility of supporting his father and younger sister. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. [3] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church in Battersea, England. Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. According to W. D. Wetherell, he was: [A]mong the hardest human beings to understand in American history. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. Arnold's Family Life Was Messy By The Time He Was 20. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. Benedict Arnold [81], Early in April, Philip Schuyler had approached Arnold with the possibility of giving him the command at West Point. 4. While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. general, has a name that's become synonymous with deceit and. I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. Later Arnold revealed to the British that he expected to receive the command of American forces at West Point, New York, and agreed to surrender that garrison to them for 20,000. Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. What happened to Benedict Arnold after he betrayed the Continental Army to the British? He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". [87], Once Arnold established himself at West Point, he began systematically weakening its defenses and military strength. January 14, 1741, in Norwich Connecticut. British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. [101] From the ship, he wrote a letter to Washington[102] requesting that Peggy be given safe passage to her family in Philadelphiawhich Washington granted. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. When Arnold learned the following morning that Andr had been caught and that . Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. He helped organize militia forces on British-held islands, receiving praise from the landowners for his efforts on their behalf. At critical moments Arnold inspired the Patriots with his grit and determination and earned the admiration of George Washington. The two-story edifice occupied a lot on the west side of Market between East Main and Division Streets. Updates? One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . [111] He renewed that request when he learned of the surrender, which Clinton then granted. Or was it a kind of extreme midlife crisis, swerving from radical political beliefs to reactionary ones, a change accelerated by his marriage to the very young, very pretty, very Tory Peggy Shippen? Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. Only action by Arnold's superior at Ticonderoga prevented his own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen. [145], There are plaques on the grounds of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, commemorating all of the generals who served in the Revolution. After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. However, Arnold was a prominent figure in the American Revolution and, for a time, was a distinguished war hero who simply became . Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. [1] [7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. [41], Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to discuss his future when he was alerted that a British force was marching toward a supply depot in Danbury, Connecticut. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . [68] Stansbury ignored instructions from Arnold to involve no one else in the plot, and he crossed the British lines and went to see Jonathan Odell in New York. Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. His scheme was to surrender the fort to the British, but it was exposed in September 1780 when revolution militia captured Andr carrying papers which revealed the plot. The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. In 1763, he repaid money that he had borrowed from the Lathrops,[17] repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. 1.Saint Benedict was a teenager when he became a monk. His father was also called Benedict Arnold and his mother's name was Hannah Waterman King. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Andr had spies and informers keeping track of Arnold to verify his movements. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. [55], Arnold lived extravagantly in Philadelphia and was a prominent figure on the social scene. Things Trump will never be. 3 January 1740][1][a] June 14, 1801) was an American-born military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. She was a close friend of British major John Andr and kept in contact with him when he became head of the British espionage system in New York. The America. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. During the American Revolution, British Major John Andr joined with American General Benedict Arnoldin a scheme to secure British control over the American fortification at West Point, New York. [94], Andr was captured near Tarrytown, New York, on Saturday, September 23, by three Westchester militiamen. He and his men were joined by Richard Montgomery's small army and participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold's leg was shattered. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. Background. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. [79], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to account fully for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some 1,000,[b] largely because he was unable to document them. American, then British officer after defecting during the US Revolutionary War (17401801), For other people named Benedict Arnold, see, Raids in Virginia and Connecticut colonies, Arnold's birth records indicate that he was born January 3, 1740 (, One British pound in 1776 would be worth about 160 in 2019. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. When his British contact, Maj. John Andr, was captured by the Americans, Arnold escaped on a British ship, leaving Andr to be hanged as a spy. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. betrayal. As a teenager, Arnold's family faced financial hardship. [135] Jefferson Davis and other southern secessionist leaders were unfavorably compared to Arnold, implicitly and explicitly likening the idea of secession to treason. Arnold commanded the army only until May 20, when Lord Cornwallis arrived with the southern army and took over. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. On August 15, he received a coded letter from Andr with Clinton's final offer: 20,000[b] and no indemnification for his losses. [114] His reputation also came under criticism in the British press, especially when compared to Major Andr who was celebrated for his patriotism. In 1780, when "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" episode takes place, Rittenhouse in real life was treasurer of Pennsylvania. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". Harper's Weekly published an article in 1861 describing Confederate leaders as "a few men directing this colossal treason, by whose side Benedict Arnold shines white as a saint". He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. Clinton was uninterested in most of his aggressive ideas, but finally authorized him to raid the port of New London, Connecticut. He led a small contingent of militia attempting to stop or slow the British return to the coast in the Battle of Ridgefield, and was again wounded in his left leg. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. [21] However, it is unknown whether this encounter actually happened or not. By early July, he was back in Philadelphia, where he wrote another secret message to Clinton on July 7 which implied that his appointment to West Point was assured and that he might even provide a "drawing of the works by which you might take [West Point] without loss". His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. His grandfather, after whom he was named, was one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony, but Arnold's father was the opposite of the upstanding Benedict Arnold I. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. . [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. A pharmacist by trade, the 34-year-old Arnold joined the rebellion in 1775. Benedict Arnold was born a British subject, the second of six children of his father Benedict Arnold III (16831761) and Hannah Waterman King in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. When and where was Benedict Arnold born? His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. He was enrolled in a private school in nearby Canterbury, Connecticut, when he was 10, with the expectation that he would eventually attend Yale College. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. Why did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . Arnold remained there until July 1781 and then returned to New York. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. He led a force of more than 1,700 men which burned most of New London to the ground on September 4, causing damage estimated at $500,000. Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. 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